气态与气胶态二异氰酸甲苯同步个人採样技术现场测试研究IOSH91-A102

气态与气胶态二异氰酸甲苯同步个人採样技术现场测试研究IOSH91-A102 pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025

图书标签:
  • 职业卫生
  • 气态污染物
  • 气胶污染物
  • 二异氰酸甲苯
  • 个人采样
  • 现场测试
  • IOSH
  • 采样技术
  • 化学品安全
  • 工作场所监测
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具体描述

新研发二异氰酸甲苯(TDI)气胶相及气体相分离採样器,可以克服双泸纸採样方法中气胶相之浓度被高估而气体的浓度被低估的问题。
《工业卫生监测实践:环境暴露评估与控制策略》 本书概述 《工业卫生监测实践:环境暴露评估与控制策略》是一部深度聚焦于现代工业环境中职业健康风险评估与管理前沿技术的专业著作。本书旨在为工业卫生工程师、安全管理人员、环境健康与安全(EHS)专业人士以及相关科研人员提供一套系统、全面且具有高度实操性的指南,用以理解、实施和优化工作场所的暴露监测与风险控制工作。 本书的叙事结构遵循了工业卫生监测的逻辑链条:从风险识别与源项分析,到暴露评估方法的选择与应用,再到风险沟通与控制措施的制定与验证。全书共分为七大部分,详尽阐述了从基础理论到复杂现场应用的各个关键环节。 --- 第一部分:工业卫生基础与风险认知的构建 本部分为后续深入技术探讨奠定理论基础。首先,本书系统回顾了现代工业卫生学的核心原则,强调了预防医学在职业健康管理中的核心地位。重点解析了毒理学基础知识,特别是剂量-反应关系、暴露途径与靶器官毒性等概念,为后续的暴露限值理解打下基础。 随后,详细阐述了“风险认知模型”。这不仅仅是关于识别有害因子,更在于理解“人-工作-环境”三要素的动态交互作用。内容涵盖了从原材料采购到最终产品交付全生命周期中的潜在危害识别技术,包括但不限于化学品、物理因素(噪声、振动、辐射、热应激)以及生物性危害的初步筛查流程。书中通过大量的案例分析,展示了如何构建一个有效的初步风险地图,指导监测资源的有效分配。 第二部分:工作场所暴露评估的定量方法论 这是本书的核心技术章节,系统介绍了当前主流的定量暴露评估技术体系。 2.1 采样策略与设计: 详尽论述了如何根据职业卫生目标(如合规性验证、基线研究、趋势分析)来设计采样方案。内容细致到时间加权平均值(TWA)、短期暴露限值(STEL)和瞬时暴露(Peak)采样的适用场景、采样点位选择的统计学原则,以及如何区分个人暴露与区域环境暴露的监测需求。 2.2 采样设备的选型与校准: 本章深入探讨了不同类型采样器的特性。针对气态污染物,详细对比了活性炭管、聚合物吸附管、冷阱捕集技术等在不同挥发性有机物(VOCs)捕集效率上的差异。对于颗粒物,重点分析了不同切割效率的采样头(如对人呼吸区颗粒物的模拟能力)及其对总粉尘与可吸入性粉尘测量的精确度影响。强调了在特定高温或高湿环境下,采样介质稳定性的现场验证方法。 2.3 监测技术的演进与挑战: 讨论了先进的连续监测技术,如红外光谱(FTIR)和光离子化检测器(PID)在快速响应中的应用,以及这些实时数据如何融入传统的采样分析流程中,以提高暴露评估的颗粒度。 第三部分:先进的生物暴露监测与生物标志物解析 本书超越了传统的空气采样,将生物监测技术提升至战略高度。 3.1 生物暴露评估的原理: 阐明了生物监测(Biomonitoring)在评估实际内暴露剂量、整合所有暴露途径(吸入、皮肤吸收、食入)的不可替代性。详细介绍了吸收、分布、代谢和排泄(ADME)过程对选择生物标志物的要求。 3.2 关键污染物生物标志物的选择与应用: 针对几种高关注度的工业化学品(如特定重金属、芳香族溶剂、和一些高活性异氰酸酯类前体物),系统梳理了相应的生物接触指标(BCI)和生物效应指标(BEI)。例如,如何选择合适的尿液或血液代谢物作为暴露的有效指标,并讨论了影响这些指标的个体生理因素(如遗传多态性、体力活动水平)。 3.3 皮肤暴露评估的替代方法: 鉴于皮肤吸收在许多工业场景中的重要性,本书专题论述了皮肤污染监测技术,包括使用拭子采样(Wipe Sampling)的标准化操作流程,以及如何结合生物监测数据来推算皮肤吸收剂量。 第四部分:物理因素的现场测量与评估 本部分聚焦于非化学性危害的精确测量。 4.1 噪声的计量与控制: 详细介绍了声级计的选择、校准标准(如A计权、C计权的应用),以及如何进行瞬时冲击噪声和长期噪声暴露的评估。重点阐述了基于“三维声场”的声学映射技术在复杂设备布局环境中的应用。 4.2 热环境应力评估: 采用湿球黑球温度(WBGT)指数作为核心指标,细致讲解了热应激监测设备的正确使用方法,以及如何结合个体的代谢率和水分流失情况,建立个性化的热风险预测模型,指导现场轮岗策略的制定。 4.3 辐射与振动监测: 对电离辐射和非电离辐射(如射频、微波)的监测标准和仪器类型进行了对比分析。在振动方面,重点区分了全身振动和手传振动的测量标准,以及如何根据IEC标准确定疲劳风险。 第五部分:暴露数据分析、报告与风险沟通 原始数据的收集只是第一步,如何将其转化为有效的管理决策至关重要。 5.1 统计学在暴露评估中的应用: 深入讲解了正态分布、对数正态分布在工业卫生数据中的拟合,以及如何使用置信区间(Confidence Intervals)来评估监测结果的可靠性。重点介绍了趋势分析(如回归分析)在验证控制措施有效性方面的应用。 5.2 监测报告的结构与质量保证: 提供了一个高质量监测报告的蓝图,强调了“方法学透明度”、“不确定性评估”和“管理建议的针对性”是报告成功的关键。详细说明了实验室分析(如GC-MS, HPLC, ICP-MS)的质量保证/质量控制(QA/QC)要求,以确保数据的可信度。 5.3 风险沟通的艺术: 本章着重于“人本”管理。探讨了如何向管理层、一线操作工和工会代表有效传达复杂的暴露数据和风险信息,避免使用专业术语,并建立基于信任的反馈机制。 第六部分:暴露控制策略的工程设计与验证 本部分从“控制”的角度,将监测数据转化为工程实践。 6.1 危害控制的层级体系(Hierarchy of Controls): 严格遵循消除、替代、工程控制、管理控制和个体防护设备的层次结构。对于工程控制,详细分析了局部排风系统(LEV)的设计参数,包括罩口风速、风量计算、以及对管道阻力的影响评估。 6.2 局部排风系统的性能测试与维护: 提供了基于ANSI/AIHA Z9.2等标准对LEV系统进行年度验证的操作规程,包括风量测量、面风速的均匀性测试,以及如何通过烟雾追踪实验来直观验证捕集效率。 6.3 过程隔离与密闭化技术: 针对高毒性、高挥发性物质,系统介绍了先进的密闭化技术,如隔离手套箱(Isolators)、柔性隔离系统(Flexible Enclosures)在制药和精细化工行业的应用案例。 第七部分:新兴技术与未来展望 本书的收官部分着眼于未来工业卫生的发展方向。 7.1 数字化与物联网(IoT)在监测中的集成: 探讨了如何利用无线传感器网络、边缘计算技术实现对工作环境的实时、高密度监测,并结合人工智能算法进行异常事件的早期预警。 7.2 暴露评估的集成化管理平台: 介绍了构建一体化EHS信息管理系统(EHS-MIS)的必要性,该系统应能无缝集成空气监测数据、生物监测结果、健康监护记录和工程控制维护日志,以实现动态的风险画像。 7.3 可持续性与职业健康: 讨论了如何将绿色化学原则融入风险控制策略中,探索“本质更安全设计”对未来工业卫生的深远影响。 --- 总结 《工业卫生监测实践:环境暴露评估与控制策略》是一本立足于严谨科学方法论,并高度贴合工业现场实际需求的参考书。它不仅教授读者“如何测量”,更指导读者“如何思考”和“如何干预”,是推动职业健康管理从被动响应向主动预防转变的有力工具。全书贯穿了对准确性、时效性和可操作性的不懈追求,为构建零事故、零伤害的健康工作环境提供了坚实的科学与技术支撑。

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Reading the title, "气态与气胶态二异氰酸甲苯同步个人採样技术现场测试研究 IOSH91-A102," one immediately senses a highly technical and practically oriented investigation. The core concept of "同步个人採样技术" (simultaneous personal sampling technology) is the immediate hook. In the field of occupational health and safety, precisely assessing an individual's exposure to hazardous substances is crucial, and for compounds like toluene diisocyanate (TDI), which can exist in both gaseous and aerosolized forms, this complexity is amplified. Traditional sampling might focus on one phase, potentially overlooking significant contributions to overall exposure from the other. This book's promise to provide a method for simultaneously sampling both the gaseous and aerosolized forms of TDI is incredibly significant. It suggests a leap forward in our ability to accurately characterize the total exposure burden on workers. This comprehensive understanding is vital for developing robust risk management strategies, ensuring the efficacy of control measures, and ultimately, protecting worker health. The "现场测试研究" (field testing research) aspect further signals that the techniques presented are not just theoretical constructs but have been put to the test in actual industrial environments, offering validated, real-world solutions.

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这本书的书名乍一听就带着一股浓厚的专业气息,让人联想到实验室里精密仪器的嗡鸣声,以及空气中细微颗粒物的舞动。作为一个对此领域略有涉猎的读者,我怀着极大的好奇心翻开了它。首先吸引我的是“同步个人採样技术”这个概念,它预示着一种更加精细、能够同时捕捉多种信息的研究方法。在工作环境中,我们经常会遇到复杂的气体和气溶胶混合物,而传统的单一种类採样方法往往难以全面反映真实情况。这本书的出现,似乎为解决这一难题提供了一种全新的视角和实践方案。 书中对“气态”和“气胶态”这两个概念的区分和联系的阐述,也让我印象深刻。气态物质以分子形式存在,弥散在空气中,而气胶态则是微小的固体或液体颗粒悬浮在气体中。这两者在职业健康防护中都扮演着至关重要的角色,但它们的监测和控制策略却可能大相径庭。如果不能准确地区分和同时採样,就可能导致对暴露风险的低估,从而影响到个人防护措施的有效性。因此,能够实现“同步採样”,意味着研究者能够更全面地了解工作环境中真实的、动态的污染物组合,这对于制定更精准、更具针对性的职业健康安全管理措施具有不可估量的价值。

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When I first encountered the title, my mind immediately conjured images of intricate laboratory setups and the meticulous fine-tuning of scientific instruments. The phrase "气态与气胶态二异氰酸甲苯同步个人採样技术" suggests a level of specificity that is both intriguing and, frankly, a little intimidating. The term "二异氰酸甲苯" (toluene diisocyanate, TDI) itself is a known occupational hazard, often associated with respiratory sensitization and other health issues in industries like polyurethane manufacturing. The fact that this book focuses on simultaneous sampling of both gaseous and aerosolized forms of this specific substance indicates a sophisticated approach to monitoring potential exposures. This simultaneous sampling aspect is particularly noteworthy. In many industrial environments, TDI can exist in both vapor (gaseous) and fine particulate (aerosolized) forms, depending on the process, temperature, and humidity. Traditional methods might focus on one form or the other, potentially leading to an incomplete picture of a worker's total exposure. A technology that can capture both concurrently would offer a more holistic and accurate assessment of the risk, which is absolutely critical for effective health and safety management. I'm curious to see how the book details the technical challenges and innovative solutions developed to achieve this dual sampling.

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The very name of this book, "气态与气胶态二异氰酸甲苯同步个人採样技术现场测试研究 IOSH91-A102," speaks volumes about its intended audience and the depth of its subject matter. For professionals deeply immersed in occupational health and safety, particularly those dealing with volatile organic compounds and airborne particulates, this title is a clear signal of advanced, practical knowledge. The core concept of "同步个人採样技术" (simultaneous personal sampling technology) is what immediately grabs attention. It suggests an innovative approach that moves beyond conventional, often separate, methods for monitoring gaseous and aerosolized contaminants. In many industrial settings, particularly those involving chemical processes like the production of polyurethanes, toluene diisocyanate (TDI) can be present in both its vapor and fine particulate forms. Accurately assessing a worker's total exposure requires accounting for both. The ability to collect samples of both simultaneously offers a significant advantage, providing a more holistic and realistic picture of the exposure scenario. This is crucial for implementing effective risk management strategies and ensuring the adequacy of personal protective equipment. The "现场测试研究" (field testing research) aspect further implies that the techniques discussed have been rigorously evaluated and validated under actual working conditions, which is invaluable for practical application.

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The title, "气态与气胶态二异氰酸甲苯同步个人採样技术现场测试研究," immediately conjures a sense of highly specialized, cutting-edge research. As someone who navigates the complexities of industrial hygiene, the idea of "同步个人採样技术" (simultaneous personal sampling technology) for substances like toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is incredibly exciting. TDI is a substance notorious for its potential health effects, particularly respiratory issues, and understanding its exposure pathways is crucial. The fact that this research focuses on *simultaneous* sampling of both the gaseous and aerosolized forms suggests a significant advancement beyond more traditional, segmented monitoring methods. This simultaneous approach implies a more comprehensive and accurate portrayal of a worker's actual exposure. In real-world industrial settings, TDI can manifest in different physical states depending on various environmental factors. A sampling technique that can capture both at the same time would provide a much richer dataset, allowing for a more nuanced assessment of risk and the effectiveness of control measures. I am particularly keen to understand the methodologies employed in the "现场测试研究" (field testing research) aspect. Practical application and validation in actual work environments are where theoretical concepts truly prove their worth.

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这本书的标题中“现场测试研究”这几个字, immediately piqued my interest. It suggests a departure from purely theoretical discussions and a deep dive into practical, real-world applications. For anyone involved in occupational hygiene and safety, especially those working in industrial settings, the ability to conduct reliable field tests is paramount. Theoretical models are essential, but their validation and refinement often come through rigorous on-site experimentation. The promise of detailed case studies or methodological explorations of field testing in this specific context is incredibly appealing. I envision the book delving into the challenges inherent in such research – the variability of environmental conditions, the logistical complexities of deploying and retrieving sampling equipment, and the meticulous data collection and analysis required to draw meaningful conclusions. The inclusion of "IOSH91-A102" further hints at a connection to established standards or protocols, lending an air of authority and potential for practical implementation in existing frameworks. This could mean that the techniques discussed are not just novel ideas but are grounded in, or contribute to, recognized best practices in the field. It raises the question of how these innovative sampling methods compare to, or integrate with, current regulatory requirements and industry guidelines. The detailed exploration of this aspect would be invaluable for safety professionals looking to enhance their existing sampling programs or to adapt to new, more sophisticated approaches.

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This book's title, "气态与气胶态二异氰酸甲苯同步个人採样技术现场测试研究 IOSH91-A102," immediately signals a highly specialized and practical investigation into a critical area of occupational health. The emphasis on "同步个人採样技术" (simultaneous personal sampling technology) is particularly compelling. In industrial hygiene, understanding the full spectrum of airborne contaminants a worker is exposed to is paramount, and often, substances like toluene diisocyanate (TDI) can exist in multiple physical states – both as a gas (vapor) and as fine particles (aerosol). Traditional sampling methods might only capture one of these aspects, leading to potentially incomplete or misleading exposure assessments. The prospect of a technology that can simultaneously sample both the gaseous and aerosolized forms of TDI is highly significant. This dual-capture capability promises a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of the actual exposure risks faced by individuals in the workplace. Such detailed information is invaluable for developing targeted and effective control measures, as well as for ensuring the appropriate selection and use of personal protective equipment. The inclusion of "现场测试研究" (field testing research) further suggests that the book moves beyond theoretical discussions and presents empirical data and practical insights gained from real-world applications, which is essential for its utility to industry professionals.

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The title, "气态与气胶态二异氰酸甲苯同步个人採样技术现场测试研究 IOSH91-A102," immediately conjures a vision of advanced industrial hygiene practices. The phrase "同步个人採样技术" (simultaneous personal sampling technology) is particularly arresting. It implies a sophisticated methodology capable of capturing multiple facets of airborne contaminants concurrently. When dealing with substances like toluene diisocyanate (TDI), which can exist as both a gas and as fine aerosolized particles, this simultaneous approach is not just desirable but essential for a true understanding of exposure. For anyone responsible for worker safety, especially in industries where TDI is a concern, the ability to get a complete, real-time picture of exposure is invaluable. Traditional methods might separate the gaseous and aerosol components, potentially leading to a fragmented view. A technology that can integrate both aspects offers a more accurate and holistic assessment. The "现场测试研究" (field testing research) component adds another layer of practical relevance, suggesting that the techniques discussed have been empirically validated and proven effective in actual industrial settings, moving beyond theoretical possibilities to tangible solutions.

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The sheer specificity of the title, "气态与气胶态二异氰酸甲苯同步个人採样技术现场测试研究 IOSH91-A102," suggests a work of considerable depth and practical application for a very particular audience. My initial thought upon seeing "同步个人採样技术" (simultaneous personal sampling technology) was about the inherent complexity of capturing multiple airborne agents at once. In environments where toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is present, it's rarely in a single, pure state. It can be a vapor, or it can form aerosols depending on conditions, and understanding the combined effect of both is critical for accurate risk assessment. This book appears to tackle that very challenge head-on. The ability to simultaneously sample both the gaseous and aerosolized forms of TDI means that a researcher or safety professional can obtain a more complete picture of a worker's actual exposure. This isn't just about measuring one thing; it's about understanding the synergy and total burden of contaminants. The "现场测试研究" (field testing research) component is the icing on the cake, suggesting that the theoretical advancements have been rigorously tested and validated in real-world industrial settings. This pragmatic approach is what makes such research invaluable to those on the ground implementing safety protocols.

评分

The title itself, "气态与气胶态二异氰酸甲苯同步个人採样技术现场测试研究 IOSH91-A102," immediately suggests a deep dive into a very specific and critical area of industrial safety. My initial reaction was to the promise of "同步个人採样技术" (simultaneous personal sampling technology). In the context of occupational health, understanding the full spectrum of airborne hazards an individual is exposed to is paramount. For a substance like toluene diisocyanate (TDI), which can exist in both gaseous and aerosolized forms, this simultaneous capture is a game-changer. It’s common in many industrial environments for TDI to be present in mixed phases. Traditional sampling methods might only focus on one or the other, leading to a potential underestimation of total exposure. A technique that can collect both concurrently offers a much more complete and accurate picture, which is absolutely vital for designing effective exposure control strategies and ensuring worker well-being. The inclusion of "现场测试研究" (field testing research) is also a key indicator of the book's value; it suggests that the methodologies discussed have been rigorously tested and validated under real-world conditions, providing practical, actionable insights for professionals in the field.

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