竹书纪年解谜

竹书纪年解谜 pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025

原文作者: David S. Nivison
图书标签:
  • 历史
  • 竹书纪年
  • 史学
  • 古代史
  • 纪年
  • 解谜
  • 文化
  • 中国历史
  • 文献
  • 考古
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具体描述

  This book is the result of discoveries made by Nivison beginning in 1979, It uses critically (without superseding) his monographs from 1983 through 2002, combined with his discoveries through 2008. Its main thrust is to show that the methods and results of the PRC “Three Dynasties Project” are invalid, and that recovering chronology before 841 BCE can be solved only by using the supposedly spurious Jinben Zhushu Jinian (“Modern Text” Bamboo Annals), combined with hypothesis that reign lengths of record were normally the years after completion of mourning for the preceding king. Part One presents resulting exact dates form the beginning of Xia, confirmed by discoveries in astronomy by D. W. Pankenier and Kevin Pang. Part Two criticizes the Three-years Dynasties Project and argues for the post-mourning hypothesis and the high antiquity of the three-years mourning institution. In Part Three, applying a discovery by E. L. Shaughnessy, the author reconstructs the first 303 bamboo strips of the original Bamboo Annals text (perhaps five-sevenths of the whole). In so doing he shows that the entire chronology in the Zhushu jinian is the product of Warring States manipulation of the true chronology; therefore any attempt to recover accurate dates must begin by analyzing the “Modern” Zhushu jinian – which the Project ignored completely. Appendices present more data and analysis, notably (Appendix 4) pinpointing the source of the Project’s errors in dating late Shang events.

作者简介

David S. Nivison(倪德卫)

  Born in Maine, U.S.A., in 1923, David Shepherd Nivison was educated at Harvard: AB summa cum laude 1946, PhD 1953. His teachers included J. Robert. Hightower, John K. Fairbank and William Hung (Hong Ye). During the War he served in the Army translating Japanese.  From 1984 on, he taught at Stanford University. In the 1950’s he collaborated in publishing with Arthur F, Wright. In 1954-55 he was a Fulbright Fellow in Kyoto, Japan. His best known book is The Life and Thought of Chang Hsueh-ch’eng (Zhang Xuecheng), 1966, awarded the Prix Stanislaus-Julien in Paris in 1967. His studies of late Shang and early Zhou inscriptions began informally with his friend David N. Keightley (Professor of History, University of California at Berkeley) in 1971. He was a Guggenheim Fellow at Oxford in 1973. In 1980 he was president of the Pacific Division of the American Philosophical Association. Other professional memberships include the Association for Asian Studies, the American Oriental Society (president, Western Branch, 1971-72), the Society for the Study of Early China and the International Academy of Chinese Culture (Beijing). Nivison retired from Stanford in 1988 as Water Y. Evans-Wentz Professor of Oriental Philosophies, Religions and Ethics. Several of his publications have been republished in Chinese: two translations of his book on Zhang Xuecheng (2003), a book of essays on Chinese philosophy (The Ways of Confucianism (1996), in 2006), and a major of monograph on chronology (1999, translation by Shao Dongfang, 2002). His students include major scholars in the United States and in the Far East. Nivison has published more than sixty professional papers.

《竹书纪年解谜》图书简介 《竹书纪年解谜》:跨越千年的历史迷雾与文献重构 本书并非对《竹书纪年》的直接解读或考证,而是一部以中国古代历史文献学、考古学及跨学科研究方法为核心,旨在探讨古代史籍编纂、流传与失落规律的学术专著。它将目光投向更广阔的历史语境,聚焦于那些在历史长河中被遮蔽、扭曲或重构的知识体系,旨在提供一种审视古代文献,尤其是那些涉及“异端”或“禁忌”史料的全新视角。 第一部分:史料的“失踪”与“重构”:历史文本的生命周期 本书的开篇,深入剖析了古代官方史学体系对非主流叙事的压制与选择性继承机制。我们探讨了秦汉以来,尤其是在特定历史转折点,文献是如何被“清洗”与“重塑”的。 权力与文本的共生关系: 考察了从甲骨文、金文到简帛文献的载体变迁中,权力机构如何塑造了官方认可的“正统”历史框架。重点分析了官方史官集团在记录重大事件(如王朝更迭、天象异动)时所采用的修辞策略与信息过滤机制。 地下文献的“沉默”与“爆发”: 选取了数个古代文献大规模出土的案例(如马王堆汉墓、郭店楚简),分析这些“地下”文本如何挑战或补充了地面流传的经典记载。书中特别关注了那些与主流叙事存在显著差异的片段,探讨它们在被发现之前,是如何在民间或学术边缘地带保持其“活性”的。 “伪古文”的迷思: 探讨了古代学者对“古籍”的求证过程,以及“伪古文”现象产生的深层原因——是单纯的造假,还是对失落典籍的“补白”式重建?我们分析了魏晋南北朝时期,不同学派为争夺学术话语权而对早期文献进行的注释、窜改与伪造行为的复杂动机。 第二部分:时间观念的错位与历法体系的内部分裂 本书的第二部分将重点转向古代中国人对“时间”的理解方式,及其在不同史书和文献中表现出的差异性。这并非对具体年号的校对,而是对时间观本身的哲学与社会学考察。 周期性与线性的冲突: 探讨了古代“天人感应”思想下,统治者倾向于采用的周期性历史观,以及与注重因果链条的线性叙事之间的张力。我们对比了不同学派(如阴阳家、儒家、道家)对“大一统”与“治乱循环”的不同论述。 异域时间坐标的引入: 分析了早期中外交流中,不同文化对历法、纪年方式的理解差异,以及这些差异如何影响了本土史家的记录准确性。这部分内容将聚焦于文献中对“蛮夷”或“化外之地”时间记录的转译难题。 “模糊时间”的记录艺术: 考察了古代文献中大量使用的“某年”、“不知某月”、“有年无月”等模糊时间表述,并尝试从这些表述背后,推断出史料采集的地域性限制或信息失真程度。 第三部分:文献的传播路径与地方史的边缘化 在第三部分,我们将历史文献的焦点从中央殿堂转向了地方与民间。本书认为,许多关于古代重大事件的“异说”,并非凭空捏造,而是源于被官方史学边缘化的“地方记忆”。 地方志的“考古学”: 选取了数部地方志的编纂史,分析地方精英如何利用或篡改地方史料来服务于当代的地方荣誉感和政治需求。重点考察了地方修志中对灾异记录、人物传记的夸张与删减现象。 口述传统的固化与变异: 探讨了古代口头流传的故事(如神话传说、英雄事迹)是如何被早期文人学者转化为“信史”的,以及在转化为书面语的过程中,原始的文化内涵是如何被削弱或扭曲的。 盗墓与文献的“意外相遇”: 借助考古发现的旁证,分析了那些原本只存在于地方野史或私人笔记中的记载,是如何在特定考古事件后被重新纳入主流研究视野的。 结论:后现代史学视野下的文献重构 全书的最终目的,是构建一套批判性阅读古代史籍的方法论。它强调,任何单一的、被奉为圭臬的史料都无法提供历史的“全貌”。历史的真相,潜藏于不同史料间的矛盾、冲突与沉默之中。本书旨在培养读者一种“历史考古”的心态,即把每一部古代典籍都视为一个等待被挖掘、被多角度审视的“考古现场”。我们不是在寻找一个被遗忘的“真相”,而是在理解“真相”是如何被建构、维护和颠覆的复杂过程。 本书适合历史学、文献学、考古学专业研究人员,以及对中国古代史学史、历史哲学感兴趣的严肃读者。它以严谨的论证和多学科交叉的视角,为读者提供了一场关于历史文本本质的深刻反思之旅。

著者信息

图书目录

3 Preface (2007)
7 Introduction (2007)

Part One: Recovery of Information from the Bamboo Annals
15 Chapter One The Date of the Zhou Conquest of Shang (1997)
27 Attachment 1: The Myth of the Preliminary Campaign (2007)
31 Astrology of the Conquest Campaign (2007)
35 Chapter Two Chronology of the Three Dynasties (2000)
53 Attachment: The 853 Problem (2007)

Part Two: The Challenge of the Three Dynasties Project (1996-2000)
59 Introduction to Part Two
63 Chapter Three Getting the Dates Right: the Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project
72 Criticism of the Sandai Project "Brief Report" (2000)
75 Chapter Four The Three Dynasties Chronology Project: Two Approaches to Dating
81 Chapter Five The H. G. Creel Lecture (University of Chicago 2002):
“The Three Years Mourning Institution and the Chronology of Ancient China”
101 Chapter Six “Zai Tan” (written for international conference on chronology, set for Oct ‘03, suspended): a plea for a conference on the Bamboo Annals

Part Three: Recovery of the Strip Text of the Bamboo Annals
113 Introduction to Part Three
115 Chapter Seven Recovery of Strip Text (AAS April 2006)
123 Chapter Eight Strip Text, Huang Di through Jin Wu Gong (2006)
177 Chapter Nine Evolution of Chronology and Text (2006)
193 Appendix 1: Sandai Science Survey (2000)
209 Appendix 2: Material Supporting “Two Approaches to Dating” (2002)
219 Appendix 3: Proposed Absolute Dates for Fully Dated Bronzes (2007)
229 Appendix 4: The Late Shang Ritual Cycle (2007 and 2008)

261 Bibliography
275 Index

图书序言

推荐文

  Equally versed in early classical texts, oracle bone and bronze inscriptions, archaeology as well as astronomy, professor Nivison has devoted the last 30 years to a reconstruction of Chinese chronology in high antiquity. Taking as his point of departure the authenticity of the “Modern Text” Bamboo Annals, an assumption diametrically opposite to the long received view, his approach had not only been revolutionary but also proved to be methodologically more fruitful in riddle-solving. The present volume, written almost wholly from 2000 to 2007, therefore represents what is called “the final conclusions arrived at late in life” (wannian dinglun 晚年定论) in the Chinese scholarly tradition. This book is also a vivid testimonial to its author’s moral and intellectual integrity as a scholar in defense of historical truth. In questioning the validity of the Chinese statesponsored “Three Dynasties Chronology Project” in a most serious manner, Professor Nivison has exercised the critical power of a historian to its highest possible degree. As a result his courageous fight for the purity of scholarship has not only won the support of many leading specialists of the field but also evoked, through Chinese translation, a widespread sympathetic response from the general reading public in China.

Ying-shih Yu, Professor Emeritus, Princeton University
美国普林斯顿大学退休教授 余英时

  倪德卫先生为美国着名汉学家,研究中国上古史有年,着作等身,尤其是对于《竹书纪年》及夏商周年代学的研究,在学术界自成一派,具有很大影响。我非常敬佩倪德卫先生年逾八十仍笔耕不辍,并多有创见,也非常盼望早日见到倪德卫先生的新作出版。《竹书纪年》为先秦重要史籍,围绕该书,前人作了大量的研究,它不仅关乎先秦史及先秦年代学,同时它也是中国古代文献学尤其是辨伪学的重要研究对象。近年来,夏商周年代学已然成为全世界汉学界关注的一个焦点,其中许多问题都涉及到了《竹书纪年》。相信随着倪德卫先生新着的出版,一定会给学术界带来新的话题,同时也会使先秦史及先秦年代学的研究进一步深入。特此推荐。

Li Chen, Deputy Director of the National Library of the PRC
中华人民共和国国家图书馆副馆长 陈力

  Since 1979, a full thirty years and more, Professor David S. Nivison has been dissecting the “Modern Text” of the Bamboo Annals (Jinben Zhushu Jinian). He has applied a broad battery of analytical techniques to the data in the text, and he has been relentless in his efforts to correlate the dates in the Bamboo Annals with materials from historical, inscriptional, and astronomical sources. Nivison’s decades-long dedication to this task has resulted in a succession of publications that have been carefully scrutinized by scholars around the world. Their criticisms have resulted in increasing refinements by Nivison. The entire process of discovery, discussion, and elaboration is now assembled in The Riddle of the Bamboo Annals, which constitutes a major contribution to the dating of events before 841 BC.

Victor H. Mair, Professor of Chinese Language and Literature,
Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations,
University of Pennsylvania

图书试读

用户评价

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我一直觉得,历史就像一个巨大的谜题,而《竹书纪年》就像是其中一个特别难解的部分,充满了挑战和诱惑。我不太懂那些专业的历史理论,但我喜欢听故事,喜欢看那些能让我眼前一亮、颠覆我固有认知的解读。这本书的书名就写得很直接,《竹书纪年解谜》,这完全勾起了我的好奇心。我希望作者能像侦探一样,把那些隐藏在文字里的线索都找出来,一点一点地把真相拼凑起来。我好奇的是,书中是否会揭示一些我们从来不知道的古代历史的“内幕”?比如,那些在历史上被刻意抹去或者被忽略的事件,是否会在这本书里重见天日?还有,作者是如何判断哪些是可信的,哪些是需要怀疑的?我期待的不是一本教条的史书,而是一场充满智慧和探索的旅程,让我能跟着作者一起,去“解开”《竹书纪年》的谜团。

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说实话,我买这本书纯粹是出于好奇心。《竹书纪年》这个名字在我脑海中停留很久了,总觉得它藏着很多不为人知的秘密。我平时并不是一个很专业的历史爱好者,但对那些“野史”、“秘闻”之类的东西总是特别着迷。我看过一些关于《竹书纪年》的零散信息,觉得里面的内容跟我们常听到的《史记》之类的正史不太一样,好像有种“另一条时间线”的感觉。所以,《竹书纪年解谜》这个书名,对我来说简直是量身定做的。我希望这本书能讲得通俗易懂一些,不要太多古文或者专业术语,让我这样的“门外汉”也能看得懂。特别是那些关于古代帝王的生平故事,还有一些奇奇怪怪的事件,我特别想知道它们背后到底是怎么回事。如果能有一些有趣的考据,比如作者是怎么找到这些线索的,用了什么方法来“解谜”的,那就更好了。

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我是一名历史学的学生,平时在阅读和研究中,经常会遇到《竹书纪年》这个名词,也曾尝试阅读过相关的史料,但总觉得对于其深层含义的理解不够透彻。因此,《竹书纪年解谜》的出现,无疑为我提供了一个绝佳的学习机会。我期待这本书能够提供一种更为系统和深入的研究视角,尤其是在文献考证、版本辨析以及与同时期其他史料的相互印证等方面。我希望作者能够运用扎实的学术功底,对《竹书纪年》中的关键疑点进行深入的剖析,比如其中关于夏朝世系、殷商灭亡原因等章节的解读,是否能够提供一些新的思路,甚至是对现有学术界主流观点的挑战?我更希望看到的是作者如何在解读《竹书纪年》的独特视角下,展现出中国早期历史的丰富性和复杂性,以及这部史书对于我们理解中国文明起源的独特意义。

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作为一个对中国古代历史,特别是那些影响深远的早期王朝略有研究的爱好者,我一直认为《竹书纪年》是一部极其重要的文献,但其解读的复杂性和历史争议性也让许多人望而却步。当我看到《竹书纪年解谜》这本书时,内心涌起的是一种莫名的期待。我希望作者能够站在一个全新的视角,去审视这部史书,而不是简单地重复前人的观点。比如,在对《竹书纪年》的真伪考证上,我相信会有非常深入的探讨,也期待作者能够提出一些独到的见解。同时,书中对《竹书纪年》所记载的重大历史事件,比如夏朝的兴衰、商朝的迁都、周朝的建立等等,是否会有颠覆性的解读?这些解读是否能够与目前主流的学术观点产生对话,甚至提出新的理论?我非常期待作者能够用宏大的历史视野,将《竹书纪年》置于更广阔的历史背景下进行考察,揭示其在整个中国古代史发展脉络中的独特地位和价值。

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这本书的封面设计就充满了神秘感,墨色的竹简图案,仿佛承载着千年的时光,让人一眼便被吸引。我一直对中国古代史,尤其是那些野史和秘闻类的内容非常感兴趣,而《竹书纪年》本身就带着几分扑朔迷离的色彩。《竹书纪年解谜》这个书名更是直接点燃了我探索的欲望。我非常好奇,作者会如何抽丝剥茧,将那些埋藏在史料深处的线索一一呈现。我期待的是一种深入浅出的解读,而不是枯燥乏味的史料堆砌。我希望这本书能够带领我走进那个久远的时代,去感受那个时代的氛围,理解那些曾经鲜活的人物和事件。尤其想知道,那些关于夏商周的传说,究竟有多少真实成分,又有哪些是后人的演绎。书中是否会涉及一些鲜为人知的考古发现?这些发现又能为我们理解《竹书纪年》提供怎样的佐证?我希望作者能够用严谨的态度,但又不失趣味性的笔触,来完成这次“解谜”之旅。

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