东大英单现学现用：作文、论文、阅读、简报、书信必备单字 pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载 2024

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出版者出版社：如何订阅出版社新书快讯新功能介绍

翻译者译者：陈昭蓉

出版日期出版日期：2010/09/24

语言语言：繁体中文

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发表于2024-11-14

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单字是背来用的，不是背来忘的！
「东大英单」教你从「死背学习型」进入「资讯发射型」，
让每个你会的单字都能发挥最大功效！

　　真正「重质不重量」的英文单字书！
　　东大生非读不可！上班族争相购买！

　　★上班族最爱：一出版就登上畅销书榜，更是商业区书店的抢手书
　　★大学生必备：不只东大，需要写报告的大学生人手一本！

　　本书是东大专业英语教师，根据东大自编的英语教材衍生而出的英文单字书。原本用意在帮助东大生强化单字应用表达能力，却意外被日本企业精英用来提升英语实力之用。

　　简单的280字，却是东大校方认为对学生最重要、最实际的单字，特别是在英语的各种书写上。拥有「东大英单」，你将能抛弃过去现背现忘的英语学习方式，成为现学现卖英语书写达人。

　　这是一本专门针对写英文作文、英文报告、论文、做简报或电子书信往来等不可或缺的随身书，全书共14个单元，列举出280个词汇及其衍生字，且有许多词汇彼此关系密切。每个单元之后还有相关专栏文章，介绍深入探讨该章特定词汇的用法，能帮大家培养丰富的词汇能力，撰写优质英语论文。

◎本书能帮助你：
　　1加强英文单字使用深度，提升文法应用力。
　　2从死背改为完全表达的发射型英单。
　　3了解「在这种情况下用这个字汇最妥当」。
　　4掌握各种词性变化、衍生词、相关词，彻底扩充词汇知识。
　　5深入探索英语发展背景与文化，帮助学习者能更快融入并学习英语思考方式。
　　6整体提升读写表达能力，不管是作文、论文、阅读、简报、书信往来……都能轻轻松松、游刃有余。

编者简介

东京大学教养学部英语部会

　　英语部会成员都是长年在东京大学驹场校区讲授英语课程的教师，专业领域包括语言哲学、维多利亚时期英国文学、字典学、莎士比亚研究、语言学理论、美国文化研究等。来自日本、苏格兰、美国等地，各方好手群聚一堂，大家处理英语的观点和对英语的感觉各有不同，一起讨论各自在讲课时感受到许多学生学习英语的问题，慢慢确立本书的内容，帮助想全面提升英语应用能力的学习者。

译者简介

陈昭蓉

　　台湾师范大学数学系毕（辅修英语）。考取松下留日奖学金，取得东京工业大学经营工学博士学位。曾任职于台湾松下电器，现从事企管顾问并兼职翻译。译有《读书力》《壅塞学》《工作是乘法》等书。

著者信息

东大英单现学现用：作文、论文、阅读、简报、书信必备单字 pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载

图书目录

前言　

One
accumulate / civilization / claim / considerable / context / framework / individual / investment / literally / metaphorically / original / policy / process / resources / role / specific / strategy / text / tradition / unique
专栏主张的强弱Claimer vs. Claimer

Two
absolute / analyze / categorize / condition / conscious / effective / efficient / innate / involve / maintain / mechanism / necessarily / observe / phenomenon / preference / significance / source / substance / technical / ultimate
专栏多义词的用法Usage Conditions

Three
controversy / create / dismantle / enable / entitled / fundamental / heritage / identity / indispensable / inspire / material / obligation / occupation / particularly / perspective / recognize / sophisticated / stable / transcend / unfortunately
专栏和行为、行动有关的词汇Clear for Action

Four
breakthrough / capability / collaborate / comparison / conclusive / conjecture / develop / dimension / exhibit / general / insight / intense / margin / probability / reflect / research / surmise / symmetrical / trait / unify
专栏有关能力的词汇Capacity Unlimited

Five
authority / circumstances / consider / crucial / debate / deliberately / designated / establish / hypothesis / incorporate / inevitably / negligible / objective / potential / propose / radically / realistic / sample / theoretical / universal
专栏英文单字的起源Ancient Origins

Six
account / adequate / ambiguous / apparent / consequence / consistent / demonstrate / description / dynamics / essential / implication / interpret / physical / remark / revise / sense / severe / subjective / substitute / witness
专栏有关假设、解释的词汇Guess What?

Seven
access / alternative / base… on... / concentrate / consist of ... / construct / determine / encapsulate / exclusively / explicit / focus / functional / gradual / interaction / objection / projection / respective / subside / suggest / symbol
专栏主词和动词是否吻合Compatible Subjects

Eight
accept / affiliate / array / characterize / chronic / concomitant / construe / counterpart / critical / disproportionate / ideology / inherent / network / parameter / reductionist / regulate / selective / stress / subsequent / unwarranted
专栏有关时间的词汇A Matter of Time

Nine
actual / capital / collapse / commodity / contamination / definite / dominant / eradicate / furthermore / global / impose / mutually / nature / realize / register / revolution / ritual / tenuous / undermine / virtual
专栏定冠词the的规则The Definite Article

Ten
assimilate / boundless / common / communal / component / distinction / diversity / evident / extraordinary / facet / generation / juxtapose / modern / predominantly / represent / stereotype / strive / trace / undoubtedly / utilize
专栏字首入门A Prelude to Prefixes

Eleven
absurd / aware / balance / barely / capacity / cease / chronology / cite / collate / currently / indicate / normative / occurrence / rigid / skewed / spiral / stabilize / standardize / stem / strictly
专栏证据的确实性Certain Uncertainties

Twelve
apply / articulate / certain / coincidence / comprehensible / constitute / continuous / differentiate / engage / heterogeneity / independent / negotiation / obvious / previous / ramification / reference / rigorous / sphere / subordination / trajectory
专栏从直译到翻译Transformational Translation

Thirteen
according to ... / animosity / arrangement / artificial / assume / counteract / double-edged / facilitate / frequency / intended / manipulate / motivation / nonetheless / principle / refinement / relatively / repertoire / sequence / tacit / tangible
专栏语域和字汇Cash In on Register

Fourteen
accurate / advocate / ancestor / attitude / culmination / detect / elementary / finite / fruition / impressed / initiative / manifestation / postulated / progress / prominent / radiate / ratio / saturated / unparalleled / variable
专栏蜕变中的表达方式Speaking of the Unspeakable

练习题建议解答

单字索引

图书序言

One
accumulate civilization claim considerable context
framework individual investment literally
metaphorically original policy process resources role
specific strategy text tradition unique
01 accumulate [E`kjumjE´let]
accumulate = to increase gradually, by addition not growth
accumulate v - accumulation n - cumulative adj (比accumulative adj常见)
○ The researchers accumulated hundreds of photographs of irregular plant growth caused by chemical fertilizers.
研究学者拍了数百张照片，进而发现因化学肥料而生长异常的植物样貌。

○ An accumulation of small misfortunes eventually led to the government’s collapse.
接连发生不起眼的坏事，最后导致政府垮台。
通常代表「蓄积」资产和努力之类的正面意涵，也用于accumulate不幸、失败、垃圾等负面的情况。和pile up、build up同义，表示慢慢堆积的模样，这种意涵也出现在相关词cumulus（积云）、cumulative effec（累积效果）。（参见第七章4. concentrate）

02 civilization [civilisation] [´sIvyE`zeSEn]
civilization = n (abstract) a state of advanced learning, technology, or social organization; (concrete) a society possessing the same
civilization n - civilized adj - civilize v

○ Colonialists often see themselves as bringing civilization to less fortunate peoples.
殖民者往往认为自己为不幸的民族带来文明。

○ The society which produced the pyramids certainly deserves to be called a civilization.
建立金字塔的社会当然称得上文明。

primitive的概念是和civilization相对的状态。在十九世纪末期，欧美盛行社会进化论的想法，认为人类史历经savagery（野蛮）、barbarism（未开化）阶段才抵达civilization（文明）。由于这种分类带有侮蔑的意涵，现在专家改以固有文字的有无区分nonliterate/preliterate culture（无文字文化）。不过在日常用途中依然有以往的含意，以形容词civilized描述特定的个人时，代表「有教养、经过淬炼」。

03 claim [klem]
claim = v to assert something not yet definitely known; to assert ownership (also noun)
claim v, n - claimant (a person who asserts a right to something) n - claimer n

○ The moon hoax theory claims that people have never traveled to the moon.
「登月骗局论」主张人类从未抵达月球。

○ If no one claims the prize, it will be added to next week’s total.
如果没有人申报得奖，奖金就累计到下週的奖金。

○ The victim submitted a claim to the insurance company but did not receive any money.
受害者向保险公司申请理赔，却没有拿到分毫。

日文以片假名把claim改为外来语，常说「客户对商品提出claim」，其实claim并没有「抱怨」的意思，如果是抱怨的情况下应该说There was a consumer complaint about the product.。在学术论文，作者有明确的主张时也会用到这个单字。还有像第二例句文章的用法，表示当事人主张自己的所有权，例如机场的baggage calim（行李提领区）就是其中一例。disclaimer则是为了减轻制造厂商和作者责任的「声明」、「但书」。（参见第一章专栏‧第二章10. maintain‧第七章专栏）

04 considerable [kEn`sIdErEbL]
considerable = significant in degree or amount; substantial; enough to be worth considering
considerable adj - consideration n - consider v - considerably adv

○ There was a considerable delay before the results could be finally verified.
延迟很久之后，才证实最终结果。

○ The committee feels that it has given your proposal all due consideration.
委员会已经竭尽所能审核您的提案。

这个表示程度的形容词代表「相当的」程度，但是不及enormous、tremendous。因为重要才有consider的行为，所以这个字代表「值得考虑」、「无法忽视」。和significant、notable、sizable同义。（参见第二章16. significance）

05 context [`kantWkst]
context = the surroundings in which an event happens or an object exists
context n - contextual adj - contextualize v

○ The outbreak of World War I can only be understood if we see it in its wider European context.
要理解爆发第一次世界大战的原因，必须综观全欧洲的脉络。

○ The politician complained that he had been quoted out of context.
政治家不满自己的发言被断章取义。

text和context都来自拉丁文texere（编织）。context代表由诸多事物和事件交织而成的背景、象征文章前后关系、事物背景与脉络。只要context不同，对于事件和发言的解释也会不同。

Review 01-05
Supply the best word (or related form) from the list below.
accumulate, civilization, claim, considerable, context
1. Freedom from atmospheric haze is an important ________ for astronomers.
2. It is impossible to deny that the benefits of ________ are accompanied by a number of disadvantages.
3. Unfortunately, this bold new ________ is not supported by the facts as we know them.
4. Psychologists realize that events cannot be given meaning if they are removed from their actual ________.
5. No single discovery has disproved Smith’s theory; rather, the evidence against it has been ________ gradually.