具体描述
当前经济学区分成个体经济学与总体经济学。前者採取原子式方法分析个体决策,而把外部性问题交给后者解决,并赋予政府高于市场的权力。在此思维下,经济学家很容易定义自己的任务为:有效率地将政治权力之配置转换成财富的重分配。经济学不自觉地沦为一门遭受讥讽的「没有公义的社会科学」,或被批评为不愿探究真实社会的「伪科学」。多数的经济学家在专精于数理之后,也长期困在伪科学里。
当前的教科书也认识到这问题的严重性,但仅能零星地添加补救的章节。究其原因是,现今经济学家甚少接触到政治经济学。经济学的使命是体制变革,要求学者随时回顾社会状态,寻找一般百姓能生活更好的政经体制。因此,经济学有必要在现行的个体经济学和总体经济学之外,加入政治经济学,或称「经济学原理三」。
本书架构在此视野下,内容分五篇。第一篇回顾政治经济学的发展并介绍教学架构。第二篇探讨经济行动的主观性、创业家精神、和知识与资本累积等核心概念。第三篇论述自由经济体制的各议题。第四篇检讨不同的政治经济体制,包括计划经济、福利国家、社会民主、第三条路和权利与正义理论。第五篇讨论当代的凯因斯经济管理政策和两岸政治经济发展。
Economics has been divided into Microeconomics and Macroeconomics to date. While Microeconomics concerns under the atomic individualism the analysis of individual decisions, Macroeconomics empowers the government not only the duty to solve the externality problems but also the rights superior to ones of the market. According to such thinking, economists readily orientate themselves to efficiently convert configurations of political powers into wealth redistributions. Consequently, Economics becomes an ironic discipline as "the social science without justice." It is even criticized as a “pseudo-science” which has been far from the real society. Unfortunately, most economists have trapped in the pseudo-science over a long term after specializing in mathematics.
Authors of textbooks have also criticized such problems, but they only can solve it by adding few chapters under the stereotypical framework. It is the reason that contemporary economists seldom learn Political Economics. From perspectives of classical tradition of Political Economy, the mission of Economics is to change institutions, which strongly requires scholars to find a well political-economy for citizens by watching and updating the last social conditions. Accordingly, Economics is supposedly introduced Political Economics as Principles of Economics III, in addition to Microeconomics and Macroeconomics.
This book is organized into five parts. Section 1 reviews the historical development of political economics and indicates the framework for teaching. Section 2 explores the fundamental concepts for Political Economics including the subjectivity of economical actions, entrepreneurship, and knowledge with capital accumulation. Section 3 argues the important issues for a free economy. Section 4 criticizes different political economies including planned economy, welfare states, social democracy, the third way, as well as theory of right and justice. Finally, Keynesian economic management together with the development for both economics and politics between Taiwan and China are discussed in Section 5.