China’s Energy Policy from National and International Perspectives：The Energy Revolution and One Belt One Road Initiative pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025

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图书标签:

• 中国能源政策
• 能源革命
• 一带一路倡议
• 能源安全
• 国际关系
• 可持续发展
• 地缘政治
• 能源转型
• 中国经济
• 能源外交

Before 2000, roughly 96% of China’s energy demands were met domestically. Since 2001, however, this position of near self-reliance has changed. With steadily increasing demands, China’s need for foreign energy has grown. Today, China is the world’s biggest energy consumer and emitter of greenhouse gases. Building upon the first volume, which examined China’s energy plans, this book will examine the strategies China has taken to meet its burgeoning energy demands, continue its fast-paced economic growth and also address the mounting concerns about environmental welfare and the true cost of China’s development. With new chapters addressing international agreements, the so-called “China energy threat” and the Belt and Road Initiative, this volume will continue to discuss and interpret both domestic policies and China’s international role.

好的，以下是根据您的要求，创作的一篇关于能源政策、地缘政治与全球治理的图书简介，此内容不涉及您原书的主题，并力求内容详实、叙述自然： --- 书名：《全球能源转型的地缘政治博弈：技术、权力与可持续发展的未来路径》 导言：在不确定性中重塑能源秩序 本书旨在深入剖析当代全球能源体系正经历的深刻转型，并重点探讨这一转型在宏观地缘政治、技术创新和国际治理层面所引发的复杂互动与冲突。我们正处于一个能源范式剧烈变动的十字路口：从化石燃料主导的旧秩序向低碳、分散化能源系统的过渡，不仅是技术和经济问题，更是深刻的权力重塑过程。本书超越了单纯的技术分析或市场预测，着重于揭示在能源转型的大背景下，各国如何运用其资源禀赋、技术能力和外交手腕，以期在未来的全球能源格局中占据有利地位。 第一部分：能源技术的颠覆性影响与国家战略竞争 本部分聚焦于驱动当前能源革命的核心技术及其对国家安全与经济竞争力的重塑。 第一章：可再生能源的渗透与电网的智能化挑战 我们首先考察太阳能光伏、风能以及先进储能技术（如固态电池、长时储能）的快速发展。这些技术正以前所未有的速度改变能源的供给侧结构。然而，这种分布式和间歇性的特征，对传统集中式电网管理体系构成了严峻挑战。本章将详细分析智慧电网（Smart Grid）的构建、网络安全问题，以及各国在推动电网现代化过程中所面临的监管和基础设施投资障碍。特别关注电力市场机制如何适应高渗透率的可再生能源，以及虚拟电厂（VPP）等新兴模式的潜力与限制。 第二章：关键矿产的战略地位与供应链的脆弱性 能源转型并非意味着对资源的摆脱，而是将依赖从油气转向关键矿产，如锂、钴、镍、稀土元素等。这些矿产的开采、精炼和加工链条高度集中于少数国家和地区，构成了新的地缘政治风险点。本章将对全球关键矿产的储量分布、加工能力和贸易流向进行细致的梳理。同时，探讨各国为保障关键矿产供应链安全而采取的“近岸化”（Near-shoring）、“友岸化”（Friend-shoring）战略，以及对可持续采矿和循环经济的政策呼吁。 第三章：氢能的“最后一步”：技术成熟度与应用前景 氢能，特别是“绿色氢能”，被视为实现工业脱碳和重型运输零排放的关键。本章评估了当前制氢技术（电解、甲烷重整）的成本效益与环境足迹。我们深入分析了各国在构建氢能生态系统方面的不同侧重点——是聚焦于国内工业应用的“蓝氢”路径，还是大规模国际贸易的“绿氢”走廊建设。同时，也批判性地审视了在基础设施建设（管道、储运）和安全标准统一方面的巨大鸿沟。 第二部分：地缘政治的变迁与能源安全的新定义 能源安全在传统上侧重于保障石油和天然气的稳定供应，但在转型期，这一概念正在被重新定义，包含了技术主导权、网络韧性和气候适应力。 第四章：从油气管道到电力互联：跨国能源基础设施的权力博弈 随着天然气在过渡期的作用日益凸显，以及区域电力互联网络的扩张，基础设施本身成为地缘政治的工具。本章分析了新的能源走廊（如液化天然气（LNG）出口枢纽、跨境输电项目）的建设如何重塑地区权力平衡。它考察了出口国如何利用能源基础设施投资来增强其地缘经济影响力，以及进口国如何通过分散采购和建立战略储备来对冲风险。 第五章：气候外交与国际能源治理的碎片化 全球气候治理机制在推进能源转型中扮演核心角色，但近年来显示出明显的碎片化趋势。本章探讨了主要经济体在《巴黎协定》框架下履行减排承诺的差异性，以及这种差异如何演变为贸易壁垒和技术标准之争（例如碳边境调节机制）。我们分析了多边机构（如IEA、IRENA）在协调各国转型步伐、促进技术转让方面的作用，同时也关注了区域性气候集团的兴起及其对全球规范制定的影响。 第六章：能源转型的社会维度与政治阻力 能源转型并非总能获得平稳的社会接受度。本章关注“公正转型”（Just Transition）的实践挑战。这包括如何处理煤炭和石油产业的工人再培训、如何应对能源价格波动对中低收入家庭的影响，以及如何化解因大型可再生能源项目（如水电站、风电场）选址引发的土地使用和社区冲突。我们探讨了政治民粹主义如何利用对能源成本上涨的担忧来阻碍气候政策的实施。 第三部分：区域视角下的能源转型领导力与竞争 本部分将目光投向特定的地理区域，分析其独特的能源禀赋、政策选择以及它们在全球转型中的角色。 第七章：发达经济体的“绿色工业革命”：补贴竞赛与技术标准制定 分析了北美和欧洲等发达经济体为刺激本土清洁技术发展而推出的巨额补贴计划（如大规模投资法案）。重点讨论了这些国内导向型政策如何引发国际贸易紧张，特别是关于本土化要求对全球供应链的影响。本章还考察了这些经济体在制定下一代能源技术标准（如电池安全标准、碳捕集与封存的监管框架）方面的主导意图。 第八章：新兴市场的能源路径选择：发展需求与气候责任的平衡 本章着眼于南亚、东南亚和非洲的发展中经济体。这些国家面临着既要实现大规模能源普及以满足经济增长需求，又要避免“碳锁定”（Carbon Lock-in）的复杂任务。我们分析了它们在吸引国际气候融资、平衡化石燃料基础设施投资与可再生能源部署方面的政策困境，以及它们对“共同但有区别的责任”原则的坚持。 第九章：能源安全的重构：从资源获取到技术主权的追求 本书的结论部分将这些分散的分析汇聚一堂，提出能源安全的未来定义：它不再仅仅是确保进口管道畅通无阻，而是演变为对关键技术知识、核心供应链控制权和数据基础设施的掌握。我们展望，未来的地缘政治竞争将越来越集中于谁能最快、最有效地部署和扩大下一代能源系统，以及谁能制定这些新系统的全球技术和经济规则。 ---

作者简介

Qinhua XU

　　Qinhua XU is a professor at the School of International Studies of the Renmin University of China. She is also the director of the Center for International Energy and Environment Strategy Studies of the University. She has been working for more than twenty years in various academic and research institutions in Asia, Europe and the United States.

William CHUNG
 
　　William CHUNG is associate professor of Management Sciences at City University of Hong Kong. He earned his PhD in Management Sciences at the University of Waterloo, Canada. His personal research interests mainly focus on developing mathematical methodologies for energy-environmental policy problems, like large-scale equilibrium models, benchmarking methods for the energy consumption performance of buildings, and decomposition analysis of energy intensity.

Chapter 1 Introduction
1. Background and Motivation   
2. Preliminaries 
3. Gaps in Understanding Key Notions
 
Chapter 2 The Energy System and Policies before the Twelfth Five-Year Plan
1. Energy Development by Sector 
2. Past Five-Year Plans and Energy Policies 
3. Change in Energy Mix, Energy Intensity and Environmental Effects
 
Chapter 3 Effects of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan Energy Policy
1. Understanding the Background to theTwelfth Five-Year Plan Energy Policies 
2. Energy Mix, Energy Intensity and Environmental Effects
 
Chapter 4 China’s Energy Evolution and Revolution
1. The Hard Road of Reforming the Power and Natural Gas Sectors 
2. China’s Energy Revolution 
3. Conclusion 
 
Chapter 5 The Evolution of China’s Foreign Energy Policy
1. The National Energy Security Situation and the Effect on Foreign Energy Policy 
2. Changes in Foreign Energy Policy 
3. Twenty-Year Review of China’s Foreign Energy Policy Implementation 
4. China’s Foreign Energy Policies by Region 
5. Remarks 
 
Chapter 6 Energy Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative
1. Major Changes in the Global Oil Market and its Implications for China 
2. China-Russia Oil and Natural Gas Cooperation: the Geopolitical Impact 
3. Expected Benefits and Potential Risks of Energy Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative

序

　　We live in a world of turmoil. Acid rain, deforestation, earthquakes and tsunamis are just some of the many natural catastrophes that have become part of our daily lives. It is believed that at least some of these events are due to climate change. Whether wholly responsible or not, efforts are being made to try and combat climate change. In 2015, the whole world came together in Paris for COP21 (the United Nations Conference on Climate Change) to try to find a way to work together to counter these issues. This convocation alone was a mighty accomplishment, regardless of what else came out of it. Despite the great differences between many of the attending nations, leaders from every corner of the world gathered to address issues of high complexity and vital importance. As one of the biggest economies in the world, China participated to do its part in working towards a solution.
 
　　More willing than ever before to act as a responsible stakeholder, China is becoming a key and active contributor in international treaty arrangements. It is not surprising, therefore, that closer relations between the BASIC countries (Brazil, South Africa, India and China) were one of the byproducts of the Copenhagen Summit. Not only on the international scene, but in its national policy also, China is constantly improving. This raises its own challenges. With a rapidly growing economy and the need to maintain these growth rates, China has to balance its green efforts in a sustainable way. This high-wire balancing act has led to a unique Chinese way of action, which caters to China’s green efforts as well as economic stability.
 
　　China has made tremendous efforts to grow its clean energy sector and has had significant success in reaching its reduction targets and increasing its commitment to R&D projects in this area. Consequently, today, Chinese enterprises are the world’s dominant players in hydropower, and the largest installers of wind power and solar energy plants. Nevertheless, China is still a developing nation which needs the support of the international community to continue its progression to a low-carbon economy. The fact is that China is faced with a challenging future, in which it will become ever harder to strike a balance between the rapidly increasing demand for energy, the responsibility to preserve environmental limits and the need to develop its economy to meet its people’s expanding demands.
 
　　In the first months of 2013, Beijing suffered from a very serious pollution haze. Even the delegates to the National People’s Congress (NPC) in March criticized the government over the city’s poor air and water quality, also expressing deep-felt concern about the lack of information on environmental issues. From top-down and bottom-up, people asked the government to take measures to prevent this happening again.
 
　　In order to make significant changes, China has established a very efficient and multilayered plan to deal with the economy’s growing energy demands. Not only does the government introduce and monitor requirements for energy efficiency, but it also closes facilities that cannot reach those requirements and gives financial incentives to companies to be more energy efficient. Information is distributed at all levels of government and among the general public on these issues, and pilot projects have been initiated to look for new solutions.
 
　　This volume endeavors to continue to discuss China’s energy policies in order to facilitate the study of anyone who is interested in China’s energy and environmental issues, filling the gap between the information provided by academics, energy industrial parishioners, policy makers and IR/IPE scholars.
 
　　In addition, following the publication of our book China Energy Policy in National and International Perspective: A Study Fore-and-Aft 18th National Congress in 2014, we aim to show the most important issues and policies currently occurring in Chinese energy, placing them in both a domestic and international context, from which we can offer a better understanding of China’s energy policies. Furthermore, as energy cooperation is a priority in China’s One Belt One Road (OBOR) Initiative, this volume will also discuss this initiative and the Chinese energy revolution, what the implications of the energy revolution are and the nature of the energy relationship between China and Russia, the latter being a core area in China’s foreign energy cooperation under the OBOR framework.

Basic Information about China’s
Energy Development
 
The introduction of a carbon trading market in China shows that environmental concerns are not only a restraint on Chinese energy policy, but they are becoming one of the three key aspects in energy policy.
 
These aspects are energy security; environment and climate; and foreign relations. The three are interrelated and mutually supportive of each other with the main purpose of maintaining the sustainable development of the Chinese economy.
 
Since the end of 2012, China has been one of the world’s largest energy producer. As its economic status rises dramatically, China has become the focus of the world, feeling more strongly its citizens’ yearning for environmental safety while experiencing the challenges of coping with climate change.
 
By the end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan in 2010, China’s energy industry had seen substantial development: total production quantity of primary energy had increased from 2.16 billion tons of standard coal in 2005 to 2.97 billion tons. The energy self-supply rate had reached 91%. The proportion of renewable energy in primary energy had risen from 7.4% in 2005 to 9.4% in 2010, and non-fossil fueled energy from 6.8% to 8.6%.
 
China had developed its overseas oil and gas cooperation with Central Asia, Russia, the Middle East, Africa, South America and the Asia-Pacific region, and gradual growth had been seen in overseas equity oil production. Energy intensity had decreased by 19.1%.

评分☆☆☆☆☆

《中国能源政策：国家与国际视角——能源革命与一带一路倡议》这个书名， immediately evoked a strong sense of intellectual curiosity in me. The term "Energy Revolution" within the Chinese context is particularly compelling. I'm eager to explore how the book defines and analyzes this revolution, beyond mere shifts in energy sources. Does it delve into the technological advancements that China is spearheading, such as breakthroughs in renewable energy storage, smart grids, or advanced nuclear power? Furthermore, how does this "revolution" translate into policy implementation at the national level? I'm keen to understand the challenges and successes China has encountered in transitioning towards a more sustainable and efficient energy system, including its impact on industrial structures and economic growth. The "Belt and Road Initiative" (BRI) aspect of the title further broadens the scope of inquiry. My interest lies in understanding the intricate interplay between China's domestic energy ambitions and its outward-looking BRI. How does the BRI facilitate China's energy diplomacy and secure its energy supply chains? I anticipate a detailed examination of the energy-related infrastructure projects under the BRI, their economic viability, and their geopolitical implications. More critically, I'm looking for an analysis of how these initiatives impact the energy landscapes of the participating countries. Does the book offer insights into the potential for win-win energy cooperation, or does it highlight the inherent risks and dependencies that might arise from such large-scale projects?

评分☆☆☆☆☆

这本书的标题《中国能源政策：国家与国际视角——能源革命与一带一路倡议》听起来就非常有分量，尤其是在当前全球能源转型和地缘政治格局剧烈变动的时代。我一直对中国作为世界第二大经济体，其能源战略的制定和执行如何影响全球能源市场以及区域稳定非常感兴趣。特别是“能源革命”这个词，它不仅仅是指能源结构的调整，更可能意味着技术创新、产业升级甚至是社会经济模式的深刻变革。我很好奇书中会如何解读中国在发展新能源、提高能源效率方面的具体举措，以及这些举措背后是否面临着技术瓶颈、资源限制或环境挑战。 而“一带一路”倡议，作为一个宏大的跨国经济合作框架，其在能源领域的联动效应更是值得深挖。这不仅仅是简单的能源贸易，更可能涉及到基础设施建设、能源技术输出、投资合作以及能源安全标准的协调。我期待书中能够深入分析“一带一路”倡议下，中国如何通过投资和建设跨境能源通道（如油气管道、电力输送网络）来满足自身能源需求，同时也如何影响沿线国家的能源发展路径。书中是否会探讨这些项目对当地环境、社会经济以及地缘政治格局产生的潜在影响？尤其是在“能源安全”这个敏感议题上，中国“走出去”的能源战略，又会给全球能源供应链带来怎样的变数？

评分☆☆☆☆☆

这本书的书名《中国能源政策：国家与国际视角——能源革命与一带一路倡议》，让我联想到近些年来中国在能源领域所展现出的强劲势头。从国内来看，其对煤炭依赖的逐步削减，大力发展太阳能、风能等可再生能源的决心，乃至在核能和储能技术上的投入，无疑是一场深刻的“能源革命”。我非常好奇书中是如何界定和评价这场“革命”的成效与挑战的。例如，中国在实现碳达峰、碳中和目标的过程中，会面临哪些具体的现实困难？其政策的执行力度与实际效果之间是否存在差距？书中是否会提供具体的案例分析，来佐证其对“能源革命”的论述？ 从国际视角来看，“一带一路”倡议下的能源合作更是引发了广泛的讨论。书中对这一部分的阐述，是否能够提供更深入、更客观的见解？它会侧重于分析中国如何通过这一倡议，构建新的能源地理版图，还是会探讨沿线国家如何从中受益，或者又面临哪些潜在的风险？我特别关注书中是否会提及，在推动“一带一路”能源项目时，所涉及到的国际规则、投资风险以及潜在的债务问题。中国作为全球能源需求大国，其能源战略的调整，必然会牵动全球能源市场的神经，书中对此会有怎样的独到分析？

评分☆☆☆☆☆

这本书的书名《中国能源政策：国家与国际视角——能源革命与一带一路倡议》，触及了我一直以来关注的几个核心议题。我非常好奇书中如何解读中国所说的“能源革命”。这是否仅仅是关于化石燃料向清洁能源的转变，还是包含更广泛的意义，例如技术创新、产业升级、能源效率的提升，甚至是对能源消费模式的根本性改变？我期待书中能提供具体的案例和数据，来支撑其对这场“革命”的论述，例如中国在发展太阳能、风能、电动汽车等领域所取得的成就，以及其在能源技术研发和推广方面的投入。 同时，“一带一路”倡议下的能源合作，也是我非常感兴趣的部分。书中是否会深入分析中国通过这一倡议，如何与其他国家在能源领域建立新的伙伴关系？这是否意味着中国在全球能源供应和需求中扮演着更重要的角色，并且可能重塑现有的国际能源格局？我特别希望书中能探讨“一带一路”在能源基础设施建设（如管道、电网）方面的具体项目，以及这些项目可能带来的经济、环境和社会影响。此外，书中是否会涉及中国在推动区域能源安全，以及应对全球能源挑战方面所扮演的角色？

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读到《中国能源政策：国家与国际视角——能源革命与一带一路倡议》这个书名，我的第一反应是好奇书中对于“能源革命”的定义和解读。这不仅仅是指中国在能源结构上的调整，例如减少对化石燃料的依赖，大力发展可再生能源，更可能包含其在技术创新、能源效率提升以及能源治理模式上的深刻变革。我希望书中能够详细阐述中国在这些方面的具体实践，包括其目标设定、政策工具以及取得的成就。书中是否会深入分析中国在太阳能、风能、电动汽车等领域的全球领先地位是如何形成的？同时，它又会如何看待中国在发展核能、氢能等新兴能源技术方面的潜力与风险？ 而“一带一路”倡议，作为中国一项宏大的对外战略，其在能源领域的实践更是引人注目。我非常期待书中能够提供关于此倡议下，中国如何与沿线国家在能源基础设施建设、能源贸易、投资合作等方面进行互动。例如，书中是否会探讨中国如何通过“一带一路”来保障自身的能源安全，同时又如何为沿线国家的经济发展提供能源支持？更重要的是，书中是否会从一个更宏观的角度，分析“一带一路”倡议对全球能源格局、区域能源安全以及国际能源治理可能产生的深远影响？是否会提及潜在的地缘政治风险或经济挑战？