Multiple Modernities approaches the concept of modernity through two historical phases of Norawy. The first study focuses on the interplay between Lutheran state officials and popular movements in the nineteenth century as an essential aspect of the growth of social democracy. The second examination of modernization centers on twentieth-century Norway after World War II. The book is balanced between theoretical remarks on conceptual issues, an assessment of modernization processes, and a study of basic epistemic and structural challenges that confront us in our time. Scandinavian countries are often noted as cases of successful modernization processes. However, these references to a "Scandinavian model" tend to focus on the mid-twentieth century after World War II. In Skirbekk's view, the uniqueness of modernization processes in Scandinavia, for instance in Norway, is better conceived historically, not least by focusing on the nineteenth century with a continuation into the twentieth century.

作者简介

Gunnar Skirbekk

　　Gunnar Skirbekk is Professor Emeritus at the Department of Philosophy and the Centre for the Study of the Sciences and Humanities, University of Bergen. Skirbekk is one of the founders of "Marco Polo," a program for comparative studies of cultural modernization in Europe and East Asia, established by the University of Bergen and East China Normal University in Shanghai. He is a member of the Norwegian Academy for the Sciences and the Arts and of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters. He has written extensively on rationality and modernization, on political philosophy and the theory of the sciences, and on the history of western thought.