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图书标签:

• 功夫
• 科学
• 中国武术
• 物理学
• 运动生物力学
• 哲学
• 文化
• 历史
• 训练
• 健康

Kung Fu has evolved from a traditional means of defence to become a system of attacking and defending oneself, with or without weapons, exercising the body and maintaining good physical and mental health. As such, these practices have found an international following. Yet what has remained a largely unexplored area is the scientific principles behind these martial arts.

　　This book not only covers the brief history of Chinese martial arts, but also brings together the wisdom of a Kung Fu grand master with a scientist and teacher to explain the scientific reasons why Kung Fu is the powerful practice that it is. Using the principles of physics, biomechanics and biology, with a number of drawings showing some basic postures of Kung Fu, the authors present a deep understanding of how the styles, the specific movements and methods of attack and defence operate.
 

《武道玄机：探寻格斗艺术的哲学与科学》 （一部深入剖析武术本质、超越流派壁垒的综合性著作） 本书并非仅仅记录拳脚的招式，亦非简单罗列历史的年表。它是一次深入的哲学思辨，一次严谨的科学探究，旨在剥开层层武术表象，直抵其核心——人类身体潜力、运动生物力学、以及通过身体训练所能达到的心智境界。 第一部分：形体与动能——武术的物理学基础 本部分将格斗艺术视为一门应用物理学的实践领域。我们摒弃了传统武术中那些模糊不清的“气”或“劲”的描述，转而采用现代运动科学的视角，对其进行量化与解析。 1. 杠杆原理与人体结构： 我们将详细分析关节、骨骼和肌肉群在发力过程中的协同作用。探讨“寸劲”的本质并非神秘力量，而是对力矩（Torque）的精准控制和瞬间爆发力（Power）的实现。通过对经典招式如八极拳的“靠”、太极拳的“捋劲”进行生物力学建模，揭示其如何在最小形变下产生最大冲击效率。 2. 动量守恒与传导： 重点研究如何有效地吸收和转移动量。格斗中的防守与进攻，本质上是对牛顿第三定律的精妙运用。我们将比较不同武术体系（如柔道中的“抱摔”与散打中的“鞭腿”）在动量传递路径上的差异，分析其能量效率与适用环境。 3. 柔韧性、反应速度与神经反馈： 探讨身体素质训练的神经科学基础。快速反应并非单纯的“本能”，而是基于高效的感知-处理-执行回路。本书将介绍先进的反应训练方法，如何通过优化视觉捕捉（Visual Acuity）、本体感觉（Proprioception）的精确度，来缩短决策时间，提升身体的适应性。 4. 呼吸的科学： 抛弃传统观念中对“丹田气”的浪漫化描述，转而研究膈肌呼吸法（Diaphragmatic Breathing）对心血管系统和肌肉供氧效率的影响。分析在剧烈对抗中，如何利用特定的呼吸节奏来稳定核心肌群，延迟乳酸堆积，维持持续的战斗耐力。 第二部分：心智的雕塑——格斗中的认知与心理学 武术的更高境界，往往在于心智的磨砺。本部分着眼于格斗情境下的心理学、决策制定与意识流控制。 1. 压力下的决策制定（OODA 循环）： 借鉴军事决策理论，我们将分析顶尖格斗家如何在极短时间内完成观察（Observe）、定位（Orient）、决策（Decide）和行动（Act）的循环。探讨“心流”状态在对抗中的表现，以及如何通过训练模拟“真实威胁”，使身体在压力下自动进入最优决策模式。 2. 恐惧管理与脱敏训练： 深入解析身体对威胁的生理反应——肾上腺素激增、隧道视野（Tunnel Vision）的形成。本书提供了一套系统化的心理脱敏方案，指导习练者将对痛苦和失败的恐惧，转化为专注的能量，实现情绪的“中立化”。 3. 意念与专注力的控制： 讨论如何通过冥想（Meditation）和专注力训练，提升对身体细微感觉的感知力，即“察觉对手的意图”。这是一种对次级信号的解码能力，是区分高级武者与普通打斗者的关键。 4. 学习的迁移性与模式识别： 研究大脑如何构建和优化运动模式（Motor Patterns）。分析不同流派的训练体系在构建运动“数据库”上的优势与劣势，以及如何高效地将基础技术迁移到复杂、不可预测的实战环境之中。 第三部分：历史的回响与流派的演进 本部分以批判性的历史视角，审视武术的起源、发展及其在现代社会中的定位。 1. 从战场到竞技场： 追踪古代格斗技艺（如中国武术、日本古流剑术）如何因社会结构的变化，从军事实用性转向文化传承或竞技体育。分析这一转变过程中，哪些核心的战斗效率被保留，哪些又因规则限制而被弱化。 2. 东西方格斗哲学的交汇： 对比东方强调“圆融”、“借力”的内家思想，与西方强调“直线”、“爆发力”的拳击与摔跤体系。探究这些看似矛盾的方法论，在现代综合格斗（MMA）的熔炉中是如何融合与再创造的。 3. 传统武术的现代困境与出路： 探讨传统武术在面对现代科学检验时的挑战。本书主张，保留其蕴含的身体智慧，但必须以现代科学的语言进行重构和验证，才能确保其长久生命力。 结论：超越格斗的技艺 《武道玄机》的终极目标，是引导读者认识到，对身体的深入理解和对心智的严格训练，是人类自我完善的普遍途径。武术训练所培养出的纪律性、对痛苦的耐受力、以及对自身局限的清晰认知，是任何领域的成功基石。本书旨在提供一个框架，使习练者能够科学地解析他们的每一次出拳、每一次呼吸，从而真正掌握自我控制的艺术。 本书适合所有对人体运动科学、认知心理学、以及深层次的身体技术解析感兴趣的读者，无论他们是否是任何武术的习练者。

作者简介

Fen SUN

　　Fen Sun is a PhD. student at East China Normal University of Shanghai. Fen Sun’s major is Chinese philosophy and her research direction is Chinese philosophy and religion. She has published some articles on this topic. Fen Sun previously worked as a teaching assistant at City University of Hong Kong.  

Patrick TK LEUNG

　　Sifu Leung Ting Kwok (Patrick) is the founder, chairman and principal instructor of Soft Wing Chun Academy (Hong Kong), and the vice chairman of World Wing Chun Union, the Hong Kong Wing Chun Union and Ving Tsun Development Council.

　　He was one of the first people to become a Wing Chun Senior Instructor and is a Qualified Referee certificate holder of Ving Tsun Athletic Association, which was founded by Grand Master Ip Man.  
 
　　After forty years of training, Grand Master Ip Chun awarded him a certificate to teach for Ip Chun worldwide. He is a seventh Duan holder, Examiner, and Instructor of National Wu Shu Duan Wei, China. He has been teaching Wing Chun for over thirty years in renowned organisations.

　　Sifu has also appeared at seminars around the world and been interviewed by Philippine, Spanish and British publications.

Roy VELLAISAMY

　　Roy Vellaisamy is a scientist of molecular electronics, molecular self-assembly, photonics, nano-materials science, bio-electronics, renewable energy (solar and fuel cells) and printed electronics. He started his research on light-emitting materials during his PhD at Nagpur University, India and moved to explore the growth of various organic molecules for light emitting transistors (LET) in the ISMN, Council for National Research, Bologna. In 2004, he joined the Department of Chemistry at The University of Hong Kong and he focused on various molecular materials for electronic device applications.

　　Currently he is with the Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong leading a group of physicists, chemists and engineers for the fabrication of functional self-assembly materials to devices and integration of such devices for printed electronics and energy harvesting devices.

　　He is also an accomplished Kung Fu practitioner and teaches the GE course “Science in Chinese Kung Fu” in City University of Hong Kong.
 

Part I: Overview
1.What is Kung Fu? 
2.How does Kung Fu relate to the sciences?
3.What are the physical benefits of practising Kung Fu?
4.Is Kung Fu only good for the body? 
5.What are the different functions of Kung Fu?
6.What is the origin and historical development of Kung Fu?
7.How did Chinese weapons evolve throughout history?
 
Part II: Starting Out
8.What is the most important lesson in Kung Fu?
9.What is the centre of gravity?
10. What is equilibrium?
11. What is supporting area?
12. What is the importance of the centre of gravity?
13. What are stability angle and equilibrium?
14. How do Kung Fu masters keep their balance while falling?
15. How does the basic stance of Wing Chun differ from other Kung Fu stances?
16. How do our bodies generate forces? What are their functions?
17. Are forces in physics the same as forces in Chinese martial arts?
18. Why do Kung Fu masters possess so much strength?
19. What are the different kinds of Jing?
20. What is the most important body part in the practice of Kung Fu?
21. Why do Kung Fu masters practise their routines over and over again?
22. What is the use of the wooden dummy in Wing Chun?
 
Part III: Style
23. How many Kung Fu styles are there?
24. Why are some schools of martial arts lost to the world?
25. Is Shaolin really the birthplace of all Chinese Kung Fu?
26. What are the different schools of Shaolin Kung Fu?
27. What are the 72 Shaolin secret arts?
28. Are there specific schools of Kung Fu suitable for certain age groups or prevention of certain diseases?
29. Why are the internal arts so important?
30. What is Qi?
31. Is Qi a material?
32. How is Qi manipulated through breathing?
33. What is Qi Gong?
34. What is the difference between hard Qi Gong and soft Qi Gong? 
35. Is hard Qi Gong scientific?
36. What is the science behind iron palm?
37. What is headbutt? Is it related to Qi Gong? What is the science behind it?
38. How does Qi influence Jing (power and force) in martial arts?
39. Could I teach myself Qing Gong?
40. How can practising Nei Gong help me be a better fighter?
41. What are the differences between internal boxing and external boxing?
42. Which one is more powerful, internal or external boxing?
43. Which is more powerful, Shaolin boxing or its descendant Wu Dang Nei Jia boxing?
44. What are the different schools of Wu Dang? 
45. Why do Kung Fu moves imitate nature or animals?
46. What is Shaolin five-form boxing?
47. What are the five elements? 
48. Other than Shaolin five-form boxing, is there any Kung Fu that imitates animals or nature?
49. What do Yin and Yang mean?
50. How can Yin and Yang be applied in martial arts?
51. How do you read a Ba Gua (eight trigrams) map?
52. How are the eight trigrams applied in Kung Fu?
53. What is drunken style?
54. What is Tai Chi? How does Tai Chi influence Kung Fu?
55. Why is Tai Chi Quan so slow and calm?
56. What is Dian Xue and how does it work?
57. How many vital points are there in the human body?
58. Does Xue stay at the same position all the time?
 
Part IV: Ultimate Battle
59. What is the scientific theory every Kung Fu practitioner must learn in order to fight with others?
60. Does a knowledge of anatomy make a better Kung Fu fighter?
61. What is the application of force couple in Kung Fu?
62. What is the application of the lever principle in Kung Fu? 
63. Is it possible for a slim man to defeat a stout man?
64. How do you give a strong punch? 
65. How can you hit your opponent with the greatest effect?
66. Can the force of one’s punch be increased?
67. Is it possible that the force of a punch from a slim man is the same as from a stout man?
68. Which is the most powerful Quan (punch) of all?
69. Is it possible to “attack a naked blade empty-handed”?
70. How does the law of inertia apply to Kung Fu? 
71. What are the benefits of the law of inertia?
72. How does one save effort during combat?
73. What is the importance of the centreline in Wing Chun?
74. Why do martial artists refuse to kill their enemies?
 

序

　　The Chinese, “Kung Fu” means perfection or hard work, which exemplifies the practice-based nature of Kung Fu. It has a long history and has branched into hundreds of different styles and schools, most of them originating from the Shaolin monastery for Buddhist monks where they use Kung Fu to maintain their health. Today it is popular across a broad spectrum of people for a wide variety of reasons.

　　This book arose from the course “Science in Chinese Kung Fu” I teach in City University of Hong Kong. As a scientist and a practitioner, it is something which has always intrigued me. As there are so many practitioners of Kung Fu around the world it was thought that this might be of interest to a wider audience or indeed that it may appeal to those with an interest in Kung Fu but who have felt, perhaps, that it lacked a solid scientific basis.

　　We discuss the scientific flavour of Kung Fu and explain how science makes Chinese Kung Fu more effective and more versatile. This book is interdisciplinary in nature, and includes aspects of classical mechanics to understand how Kung Fu works in action. In addition, bio-mechanics, a concept used to describe martial arts in motion, is explained using fundamental physics concepts. Finally, the book offers a different view, based on science, of how Kung Fu can help to maintain physical and mental health.

　　This is a collaboration of three parties. Fen Sun carried out much research and writing, particularly on the historical, civilisation and ethics parts. T. K. Leung is a Wing Chun Sifu (master) who gave advice on postures, stances and real combat situations for which I then provided  the scientific interpretation.
 

评分☆☆☆☆☆

哇，这本书真的让我脑洞大开！一开始我以为《功夫与科学》会是那种硬邦邦的、充斥着公式和定律的枯燥读物，结果完全不是！作者很巧妙地将我们熟悉的中国传统武术——功夫，与现代科学的视角结合起来，简直是太有创意了。我特别喜欢作者在开头部分对“势”的解读，那不仅仅是武术中的一个概念，更是对物理学中动量和能量传递的深刻理解。他用非常通俗易懂的语言，解释了为什么看似简单的招式背后，蕴含着如此复杂的物理原理。比如，他对“力从何来”的追问，让我重新审视了每一个拳脚的动作，不再仅仅是肌肉的爆发，而是涉及到重心转移、惯性、杠杆原理等等。甚至在讲解一些基础的拳法时，都引申出了关于空气动力学、流体动力学甚至仿生学的讨论，听起来像是科幻小说，但作者却用严谨的科学依据支撑。我常常在阅读时，脑海里会不断浮现出那些武侠电影里慢动作回放的经典场景，然后作者的解读就像一把钥匙，一下子就打开了新的视角。这让我觉得，原来我们一直引以为傲的传统文化，竟然和尖端的科学研究有着如此深厚的渊源，真是太让人惊喜了！

评分☆☆☆☆☆

这本书真的刷新了我对“功夫”的固有印象，它不再是单纯的打打杀杀，而是一种充满科学智慧的艺术。作者在书中用一种非常“生活化”的口吻，来解读那些看似高深的科学原理，让我在阅读过程中感到非常轻松愉快，但同时又收获满满。我特别喜欢他对“步法”的分析，他并没有仅仅停留在“脚下生风”的意境描述，而是深入到了步法变化如何影响身体的“稳定性”、“重心转移”以及“能量蓄积”等层面。他甚至将这些步法与现代军事学中的“战术布局”和“地面移动学”联系起来，让我脑洞大开。我常常在阅读时，会不自觉地在脑海里模拟那些步法的移动轨迹，然后想象着作者所描述的科学原理是如何在其中运作的。这种方式让我感觉，科学不再是冰冷的理论，而是可以切实应用到我们身边，甚至是我们中华传统文化之中的。这本书让我觉得，原来学习科学，也可以如此有趣和富有启发性。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

读完《功夫与科学》，我最大的感受就是——原来我一直以来对功夫的认知，都太表面化了。我以前总觉得功夫就是一套套招式，是身体的柔韧和力量的较量。但这本书彻底颠覆了我的想法。作者以一种近乎“侦探”般的严谨态度，去剖析每一个功夫动作背后的科学原理。他不仅仅是罗列公式，而是通过生动的比喻和详实的案例，将复杂的科学概念融入到我们熟悉的武术场景中。比如说，他在讲述“卸力”技巧时，并没有直接讲物理学上的动量守恒，而是通过形象地比喻，比如“让对方的攻击沿着自己的身体滑出去”，然后再引申到如何利用身体的结构和关节的角度来分散和引导力量。这种叙述方式，让我在阅读过程中丝毫不会感到疲惫，反而充满了探索的乐趣。我甚至开始思考，那些古代的武术大师们，在没有现代科学知识的情况下，是如何通过长期的实践和观察，摸索出如此符合物理规律的动作体系的？这本书真的让我对中国功夫的智慧产生了由衷的敬佩，也让我意识到，科学并非只有实验室里的冰冷数据，它同样可以蕴含着如此深邃的哲学和艺术。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

这本书的视角实在是太独特了！我之前从未想过，中国功夫和科学竟然能如此契合。作者就像一位经验丰富的导游，带领我在功夫的“森林”中穿梭，同时又为我揭示隐藏在树叶、树干下的科学“奥秘”。他并没有试图把功夫“科学化”到失去它原有的魅力，而是用科学的语言去“阐释”功夫的精妙。比如，他对“劲力”的讲解，让我对身体的内部联动有了更深的理解。他把身体想象成一个精密的机械系统，每一个关节、每一块肌肉都在特定时机协同发力，从而产生出强大的瞬间爆发力。这让我联想到工程学中的“能量传递效率”，以及材料科学中的“应力集中”问题。我印象最深刻的是，作者在分析“发力”的瞬间，是如何利用身体的“弹性势能”和“动量传递”的。他用的比喻非常巧妙，例如将身体比作弹簧，或是将打击过程比作物体碰撞，瞬间就将抽象的物理概念具象化了。这本书让我觉得，传统武术不仅仅是一种技艺，更是一种基于深刻实践和自然规律的“行为科学”。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

《功夫与科学》这本书，让我对“实践出真知”这句话有了全新的体会。作者就像一位深谙此道的智者，他并没有直接给我灌输什么科学理论，而是通过对中国功夫的细致入微的观察和分析，让我自己去“发现”科学。我特别喜欢作者在探讨“呼吸与发力”之间的关系时，那种循序渐进的引导方式。他并没有上来就讲气体交换和横膈膜运动，而是先让我们体会到，深长而有力的呼吸，是如何让身体在发力时更加稳定和充沛的。然后，他再巧妙地引入呼吸的生理学原理，解释为什么正确的呼吸方式能够帮助我们更好地储存和释放能量，甚至影响我们的神经系统反应速度。这种“由表及里”的讲解方式，让我感觉自己不仅仅是在阅读，更像是在参与一场智力探险。我也开始反思，那些在武术训练中被反复强调的“气沉丹田”、“意念集中”等等，其实都蕴含着非常朴素的生理学和心理学原理。这本书让我觉得，古人的智慧真的值得我们去深入挖掘和学习。