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《文学术语手册》一直以来都是英美文学系所学生必备的实用书，详列西洋文学及文学理论的基本词汇，帮助读者进一步解读经典作品。内容编排按照英文字母顺序，以短文形式呈现，除了主词目外，也包含与主词目相关的名词解释，显示此一概念的历史脉络，并且补充说明各种应用中的歧义。不仅受到师生们喜爱，对此领域有兴趣的一般读者也能从中学到新知。

　　因应语言与学术研究的新发展，《文学术语手册》第九版增列了新词目，全书目前已涵盖1150个词目讨论。为方便查阅，页面侧边标示出词汇的首字母，方便查询，书末也附有全书词目的完整英中索引。新版更新了词目的内容、参考书目和建议书单，并将文学评论的重要新着作纳入考量，务使全书与最新的文学研究同步，更具参考价值。

本书特色

　　1.学界公认本书是解说文学术语的首选，由Abrams大师主笔，1957年首次出版至今已超过50年，中文第九版首次在台发行上市。

　　2.详细精确的定义西洋文学与文学分析词目的基本概念、理论及术语。

　　3.词目按照英文字母排列，相关的同义、反义或附属术语也并陈参照，完整呈现词汇概念与脉络，书末的英中索引列出全书所有的术语，方便读者查阅。

　　4.全书收录1150个词条，新版增列了24个词条，页面侧边标示A-Z字母顺序，方便查找。

作者简介    

M. H. Abrams

　　着名文学评论家，着作与主编过数十种书，除了本书外，经典着作有The Mirror and the Lamp，Natural Supernaturalism，编有The Norton Anthology of English Literature等，是文学评论、18-19世纪文学、欧洲浪漫主义等领域的泰斗。

Geoffrey Galt Harpham

　　任教于美国Tulane大学，着有The Ascetic Imperative in Culture and Criticism (1992)，以及On the Grotesque: Strategies of Contradiction in Art and Literature (2007)。

译者简介

蔡佳瑾

　　台湾大学外文系博士，任教于东吴大学英文系，研究专长为英国文学与美国文学。

前言......................................................i
使用方式...........................................ii

A
absurd, literature of the 荒谬文学........1
act and scene 幕和景............................3
Aesthetic ideology 美学的意识形态...3
Aestheticism 唯美主义........................4
affective fallacy 情感谬误；感受谬误5
alienation effect 异化效应...................6
allegory 寓言........................................6
alliteration 头韵..................................10
allusion 典故......................................12
ambiguity 歧义...................................14
antihero 反英雄..................................15
antithesis 对仗....................................16
archaism 古体文.................................16
archetypal criticism 原型批评...........17
atmosphere 作品气氛.........................19
author and authorship 作者和作者身分.............................................................19

B
ballad 歌谣.........................................23
baroque 巴洛克..................................25
bathos and anticlimax 突降与反高潮25
Beat writers 垮掉派作家....................27
biography 传记...................................28
Black Arts Movement 黑人艺术运动30
blank verse 无韵诗.............................31
Bloomsbury Group 布伦斯贝瑞文化圈.............................................................31
Bombast 浮夸之辞.............................33
book 书籍...........................................34
book editions 书的版本.....................35
book format 书的开本或版式...........36
book history studies 书籍历史研究...36
bowdlerize 删节..................................39
burlesque 滑稽讽刺作品....................39

C
canon of literature 文学正典；典律..43
carpe diem 及时行乐.........................46
Celtic Revival 塞尔特文艺复兴........46
character and characterization 角色与角色刻画................................................47
chivalric romance（ or medieval romance）骑士传奇（或中世纪传奇）.............................................................50
chorus 合唱队....................................51
chronicle plays 编年历史剧...............52
chronicles 编年史...............................53
Cliché 陈腔滥调.................................54
comedy 喜剧......................................54
comedy of humours 体液喜剧...........58
comic relief 喜剧性纾解....................58
commedia dell’arte 即兴喜剧............59
conceit 巧喻........................................59
concrete and abstract 具体与抽象.....61
concrete poetry 具象诗.....................63
confessional poetry 自白诗................64
confidant 知己....................................65
connotation and denotation 言外之意
（隐含义）与字面意义......................65
conventions 文学惯例........................66
courtly love 宫廷爱情........................68
criticism 批评.....................................69
critique 批判......................................74
cultural studies 文化研究...................74

D
Darwinian literary studies 达尔文文学研究....................................................77
Decadence, the 颓废派文艺...............78
deconstruction 解构............................79
Decorum 文章体统............................85
deism 自然神论..................................86
deus ex machina 机械神.....................86
dialogic criticism 对话批评...............87
didactic literature 载道文学...............89
discourse analysis 论述分析..............91
dissociation of sensibility 感性的解离.............................................................92
distance and involvement 心理距离与情感投入................................................93
doggerel 打油诗.................................93
drama 戏剧.........................................94
dramatic monologue 戏剧性独白......95
dream vision 梦中幻境.....................96

E
ecocriticism 生态批评........................97
elegy 哀歌.........................................102
empathy and sympathy 同理心与同情...........................................................104
Enlightenment 启蒙运动..................107
epic 史诗..........................................108
epic similes 史诗明喻......................111
epic theater 史诗剧场.......................112
epigram 警句....................................112
epiphany 顿悟...................................114
Epithalamion 婚礼颂歌....................115
epithet 特性修饰语..........................116
essay 杂文.........................................116
euphemism 委婉语...........................117
euphony and cacophony 谐音与非谐音...........................................................118
euphuism 华丽文体..........................119
expressionism 表现主义..................120

F
fabliau 讽刺寓言诗..........................123
fancy and imagination 幻想与想像力...........................................................123
feminist criticism 女性主义批评.....124
fiction and truth 虚构与真实...........132
figurative language 比喻用语..........134
fine arts 精致艺术............................139
folklore 民间传说............................140
form and structure 形式与结构.......142
formalism 形式主义.........................143
free verse 自由诗..............................146

G
gender criticism 性别批评...............151
genres 文类.......................................153
golden age 黄金时代........................156
Gothic novel 哥德式小说.................156
Graveyard Poets 墓园诗人...............158
Great Chain of Being 大生物链.......158

H
haiku（有时拼写为hokku）俳句..161
Harlem Renaissance 哈林文艺复兴161
heroic couplet 英雄式对句..............162
heroic drama 英雄剧........................163
humanism 人文主义........................164
hymn 赞美诗....................................168
hyperbole and understatement 夸张与含蓄......................................................169
hypertext 超文本..............................170

I
imagery 意象....................................171
imagism 意象派...............................173
imitation 模仿...................................174
influence and the anxiety of influence 影响与影响的焦虑..............................175
intentional fallacy 意图谬误............177
interpretation and hermeneutics 诠释与诠释学..............................................178
interpretation: typological and allegorical 诠释，预表诠释和寓言诠释...........................................................182
invective 谩骂...................................185
irony 反讽.........................................186
ivory tower 象牙塔...........................190

J
jeremiad 哀歌...................................191

L
lai 短歌.............................................193
light verse 轻松诗............................193
linguistics in literary criticism 语言学在文学批评中的应用..........................196
literature 文学...................................201
local color 地方色彩........................202
lyric 抒情诗......................................202

M
malapropism 文字误用....................205
Marxist criticism 马克思主义批评..205
masque 化妆舞剧.............................212
melodrama 通俗剧...........................213
metaphor, theories of 暗喻理论.......214
metaphysical poets 形上诗人...........217
meter 格律........................................219
miracle plays, morality plays, and interludes 奇蹟剧、道德剧和幕间剧...........................................................226
modernism and postmodernism 现代主义和后现代主义..............................227
motif and theme 母题与主题...........230
myth 神话.........................................232

N
narration, grammar of 叙述语法......235
narrative and narratology 叙事文和叙事学......................................................235
negative capability 消极能力...........237
neoclassic and romantic 新古典主义和浪漫主义..........................................238
New Criticism 新批评......................243
new historicism 新历史主义............246
novel 小说........................................254

O
objective and subjective 客观的与主观的......................................................263
objective correlative 客观对应物.....264
occasional poems 场合诗.................264
ode 颂歌...........................................265
onomatopoeia 拟声字......................266
oral poetry 口述诗...........................267

P
palinode 翻案诗...............................269
pantomime and dumb show 默剧和哑剧...........................................................269
paradox 弔诡....................................270
pastoral 牧歌....................................271
pathetic fallacy 悲怅谬误.................273
pathos 悲怅.......................................273
performance poetry 表演诗..............274
periods of American literature 美国文学各时期的划分..................................277
periods of English literature 英国文学各时期的划分......................................283
persona, tone, and voice 作者替身、语调和声音..........................................292
phenomenology and criticism 现象学与文学批评..........................................295
Platonic love 柏拉图式爱情............298
Plot 情节...........................................300
poetic diction 诗歌词藻...................305
poetic justice 诗的正义....................307
poetic license 诗的破格...................307
point of view 人称观点....................308
postcolonial studies 后殖民研究.....314
poststructuralism 后结构主义..........317
Pre-Raphaelites 前拉斐尔派画家和诗人......................................................323
primitivism and progress 原始主义与进步论..................................................324
problem play 问题剧........................326
prose 散文........................................327
prosody 韵律学................................328
psychological and psychoanalytic criticism 心理学与精神分析批评...328
pun 双关语.......................................334
purple patch 词藻华丽的章节.........335

Q
queer theory 酷儿理论.....................337

R
reader-response criticism 读者反应批评...........................................................341
realism and naturalism 写实主义与自然主义..................................................345
reception theory 接受理论...............347
refrain 叠句......................................348
rhetoric 修辞学.................................353
rhetorical criticism 修辞学批评.......355
rhetorical figures 修辞性比喻用语.356
rhyme 押韵.......................................360
roman à clef 影射小说（法语，其义为「带有答案的小说」） ......................364

S
satire 讽刺诗文................................365
science fiction and fantasy 科幻小说与奇幻作品..........................................369
semiotics 符号学..............................370
sensibility, literature of 情感文学....373
sentimentalism 感伤主义.................376
setting 场景......................................376
seven deadly sins 七大罪.................377
short story 短篇小说........................378
Socialist Realism 社会写实主义.....380
sociology of literature 文学社会学..381
soliloquy 戏剧独白..........................382
sonnet 十四行诗（又译商籁诗） ...383
speech-act theory 言语行为理论.....385
stanza 诗节.......................................388
stock characters 刻板角色...............393
stock response 刻板反应..................394
stock situations 刻板情境................394
stream of consciousness 意识流......395
structuralist criticism 结构主义批评396
style 风格..........................................400
stylistics 风格学...............................403
sublime 崇高.....................................405
symbol 象征.....................................410
Symbolist Movement 象征主义运动...........................................................414
synesthesia 通感...............................415

T
tension 张力......................................417
text and writing (écriture) 文本与书写...........................................................417
textual criticism 文本批评...............419
theories and movements in recent criticism 近代文学批评之理论与运动...........................................................422
three unities 三一律.........................422
topographical poetry 地志诗............423
touchstone 试金石............................424
tragedy 悲剧.....................................425
tragicomedy 悲喜剧.........................429
Transcendentalism in America 美国的超越主义..............................................430

U
utopias and dystopias 乌托邦文学和反乌托邦文学......................................433

V
Victorian and Victorianism 维多利亚时期与维多利亚精神..........................435

W
wit, humor, and the comic 机智、幽默与滑稽..............................................437

索引.................................................441

A
absurd, literature of the 荒谬文学
 
所谓荒谬文学是指那些共同意识到人类处境在本质上很荒谬，而这种处境唯有透过自身的荒谬性才足以表现的戏剧和小说作品。荒谬文学的基调和剧作理论已先见于1896 年雅里（Alfred Jarry）的法文剧作《于布王》（Ubu roi ，又译《乌布王》）中。荒谬文学亦起源于表现主义（expressionism）和超现实主义（surrealism）运动，以及卡夫卡（Franz Kafka）作于1920 年代的小说〔《审判》（The Trial）和《变形记》（Metamorphosis）〕。然而，在二战（1939–1945）的恐怖经历之后出现在法国的荒谬文学运动，则是对传统文化和传统文学的基本信仰与价值标准的反叛。早期传统观念假设人是具有理性的动物，他赖以生存的世界至少有部分是可知的；在有秩序的社会结构里，人是其中的一个组成份子，即便置身逆境也不会丧失自己的英雄气概与尊严。然而，1940 年代后，出现了尤以沙特（Jean-Paul Sartre）和卡缪（Albert Camus）等文学家为代表的存在主义哲学（existential philosophy）潮流。他们认为：每个人都是沦落异乡的孤独灵魂；这个陌生的世界里不存在固有的人类真理、价值标准与任何意义。人生只不过是对生存目标和存在意义徒劳的探索过程，人生本自虚无，并终将化为虚无；人生的存在是件既痛苦又荒谬的事。就像卡缪在《西西弗斯的神话》（The Myth of Sisyphus, 1942）中写道的：
 
In a universe that is suddenly deprived of illusions and of light, man feels astranger. His is an irremediable exile. . . . This divorce between man and hislife, the actor and his setting, truly constitutes the feeling of Absurdity.
 
在一个突然失去了幻想与光亮的世界中，一个人就会感到自己是异乡人，是陌生客。他的流放无可补救……人与人生之间、演员与背景之间的这种脱节，正是让人感到荒诞之处。（杜小真译）

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