Asian Folk Religion and Cultural Interaction

Asian Folk Religion and Cultural Interaction pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025

原文作者: Yoshihiro Nikaidō
图书标签:
  • Asian Religions
  • Folk Religion
  • Cultural Exchange
  • Religious Syncretism
  • Asian Culture
  • Ritual Studies
  • Popular Religion
  • East Asia
  • Southeast Asia
  • Religious Pluralism
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具体描述

This book uses a cultural interaction approach to discuss numerous temples and shrines of Sinitic origin that house Daoist, Buddhist, and folk gods. Such deities were transmitted outside the Chinese continent, or were introduced from other regions and syncretized. Examples include temple guardian gods that arrived in Japan from China and later became deified as part of the Five Mountain system, and a Daoist deity that transformed into a god in Japan after syncretizing with Myōken Bosatsu. The profoundly different images of Ksitigarbha in China and Japan are discussed, as well as Mt. Jiuhua, the center of Ksitigarbha in modern China. Lastly, the process by which Sinitic gods were transmitted to regions outside of the Chinese continent, such as Taiwan, Singapore, and Okinawa, is explored.
好的,这是一份关于一本名为《全球化背景下的地方性宗教变迁研究》的图书简介,该书内容与《Asian Folk Religion and Cultural Interaction》无关,旨在满足您的要求: --- 《全球化背景下的地方性宗教变迁研究》图书简介 导言:在破碎与重塑之间审视地方性信仰的韧性与适应 在二十一世纪的浪潮中,全球化不仅仅是经济和信息流动的加速器,更深刻地重塑了人类的精神版图。地方性的宗教实践,那些扎根于特定社群历史、地理和日常生活经验中的信仰体系,正面临着前所未有的冲击、融合与再定义。《全球化背景下的地方性宗教变迁研究》并非聚焦于宏大的普世性宗教叙事,而是将目光投向那些在现代化和全球化压力下,展现出惊人适应性与生命力的“微观信仰场域”。 本书汇集了跨学科的深度田野调查与理论思辨,旨在系统性地描绘和剖析全球化时代,地方性宗教(Folk Religion/Indigenous Beliefs)如何在物质的变迁、媒介的渗透和身份政治的重塑中,进行自我调适、抵抗或积极的融合。我们关注的焦点在于:当传统的神祇、仪式和宇宙观遭遇现代性的挑战时,它们如何“活下来”?以及,这种“存活”究竟意味着同质化,还是新的创造? 本书的价值在于,它拒绝将地方性宗教视为一种落后的、等待被“开化”或“现代”的遗迹。相反,它将其视为理解当代社会动态、文化韧性乃至全球秩序运作的至关重要的视角。通过对全球不同地理区域的案例研究,本书试图构建一个关于“地方性如何在全球化中重获意义”的复杂图景。 第一部分:全球化与地方性信仰的结构性张力 本部分首先确立了研究的理论框架,探讨了“全球化”作为一种文化和结构性力量,如何具体地作用于地方性的信仰结构。 第一章:现代性悖论与地方信仰的“去魅” 本章深入探讨了地方性宗教在面对韦伯意义上的“去魅”过程时的反应。我们分析了教育普及、科学理性化和国家意识形态对传统神职人员权威的削弱,以及信徒如何通过“重魅”仪式(Re-enchantment Rituals)来回应这种知识上的真空。重点案例考察了特定社区如何将传统的“治疗者”身份转化为符合现代医疗语境的“社区心理支持者”。 第二章:基础设施、流动性与仪式空间的破碎 全球化带来的基础设施建设,如城市化、交通网络和信息高速公路,对地方宗教赖以存在的“场域”构成了直接挑战。本章研究了因经济移民或城市拆迁导致的宗教圣地或祖先祭祀地的物理性迁移。我们探讨了信徒如何通过媒介(如手机录制的仪式视频或虚拟社群)来重建和维持原本依赖物理在场的仪式效力。分析的重点在于“流动性对依附性的解构与重建”。 第三章:资本逻辑与神圣物品的商品化 当全球市场逻辑侵入地方经济体时,原本具有神圣内涵的物品(如护身符、圣水、特定手工艺品)开始被纳入商品交换体系。本章考察了这种“神圣商品化”的过程及其对信仰内涵的侵蚀或增强作用。我们细致区分了信徒自发的地方性贸易与外部市场驱动的文化挪用之间的界限,并分析了在这一过程中,原初的信仰叙事如何被“简化”以适应跨文化交流的需求。 第二部分:适应、抵抗与信仰的创新性表达 地方性宗教并非被动接受者。本部分通过具体的案例,展示了它们在面对外部压力时所展现出的能动性、抵抗策略和创新能力。 第四章:地方神祇的“全球注册”:身份政治与文化遗产化 随着文化遗产保护概念的兴起,许多地方性信仰体系开始被“官方化”或“民族化”。本章研究了地方社群如何利用国家或国际机构的话语,将自身独特的信仰实践“注册”为非物质文化遗产。这种策略既是一种保护,也是一种身份的重塑,它迫使地方信仰在保持其内在神秘性的同时,必须适应现代法律和文化展示的要求。我们分析了“官方认可”对传统权力结构的微妙影响。 第五章:媒介重构:数字平台上的地方性神灵 互联网和社交媒体为地方性宗教提供了一个前所未有的传播场域。本章详细分析了地方性“神明”或“祖灵”如何在短视频、直播和特定论坛中被重新“人设化”和“人格化”。信徒不再仅是仪式的参与者,也成为了内容的生产者和传播者。案例研究集中于新兴的“数字信仰网络”,探究这些网络如何跨越地理障碍,增强了地方社群的凝聚力,同时也引发了关于信仰正统性的新争议。 第六章:信仰的混合与新的宗教拼贴 全球化加速了不同宗教思想和实践的接触,地方性信仰往往成为吸收新元素的“海绵”。本章探讨了地方性宗教实践与主流世界性宗教(如基督教、佛教的特定流派)或世俗哲学(如新时代运动、环保主义)发生融合的案例。这种融合并非简单的叠加,而是深层次的意义结构重组。例如,地方性创世神话如何被“翻译”成符合全球生态伦理的叙事,以争取更广泛的社会支持。 第三部分:地方性宗教对当代社会治理的启示 本书的最后一部分将视野从信仰本身转向其对当代社会治理、伦理构建以及社区韧性的影响。 第七章:传统知识与环境伦理的再生 许多地方性宗教体系内嵌有关于水土、森林和特定动植物的古老生态知识。在全球气候变化和环境危机日益严峻的背景下,本章考察了社区如何重新激活这些被长期忽视的信仰规范,以指导可持续的资源管理。我们分析了当地方性“禁忌”或“圣地”保护概念,被重新解读为现代“生物多样性保护区”时,其成功的社会动员力量。 第八章:信任、社区与全球化创伤的疗愈 面对全球化带来的社会原子化和信任危机,地方性宗教往往在社区层面扮演着恢复社会资本的关键角色。本章关注在经历自然灾害、经济萧条或大规模社会动荡后,地方性仪式和互助网络如何重新建立起社区的内部信任和情感支持。这些仪式不仅是精神慰藉,更是恢复社会秩序的实践机制。 结论:韧性、流动性与地方性的未来 本书的结论部分总结了地方性宗教在面对全球化冲击时的核心特征:结构性韧性(对核心宇宙观的坚守)与实践性流动性(对表达方式的灵活变通)。我们强调,全球化并非终结了地方性宗教,而是迫使其进入了一个更加动态、更加自我意识的演化阶段。理解这些变迁,对于把握文化多样性的未来,以及构建一个更具包容性的全球社会治理模式,至关重要。 ---

著者信息

作者简介

  Yoshihiro Nikaidō is Professor of Asian Cultural studies at the Kansai University, Japan.

图书目录

Foreword
 
Section I: Cultural Interaction and Sinitic Gods in Japanese Buddhist Temples
 
Chapter 1: Temple Guardian Gods in the Sino-Japanese Five Mountain Temple System and Cultural Interaction
 
Chapter 2: Temple Guardian Gods of the Ōbaku School of Zen Buddhism and Cultural Interaction
 
Chapter 3: Cultural Interaction: Myōken Bosatsu 妙见神 and the God Zhenwu 真武
 
Chapter 4: Differences and Cultural Interaction between the Japanese and Chinese Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha
 
Section II: Travels and Cultural Interaction of the Gods in Asia
 
Chapter 1: Temples and Cultural Interaction in Taiwan and Singapore
 
Chapter 2: Sinitic Gods and Cultural Interaction in Nagasaki and Okinawa
 
Conclusion

图书序言

Foreword

  This book discusses numerous temples and shrines of Sinitic origin through the methodology of cultural interaction. The subjects of analysis are several Daoist and Buddhist gods, folk gods, and Bodhisattvas, but nearly all are limited to gods that were transmitted and deified outside the Chinese continent, or were introduced from other regions and syncretized.

  In the first section, “Cultural Interaction and Sinitic Gods in Japanese  Buddhist Temples,” I consider mainly the deities and Bodhisattvas that were introduced to Japan. In Chapter 1 of Section I, “Temple Guardian Gods in the Sino-Japanese Five Mountain System and Cultural Interaction,” I discuss such temple guardian gods as Zhaobao Qilang Dadi and Cishan Zhang Dadi, which arrived in Kamakura-period Japan from Southern Song China, and later came to be deified as part of the Five Mountain system. In contrast to Japan, belief in these gods later waned in China.

  Huaguang Dadi (Kakō Taitei), treated in Chapter 2, “Temple Guardian Gods of the Ōbaku School of Zen Buddhism and Cultural Interaction,” arrived in Japan at the beginning of the Edo period together with the Ōbaku School of Zen Buddhism. Statues of these temple guardian gods were later built  throughout Japan, but their origin has been forgotten. Belief in Huaguang declined in China during the Qing period.

  In Chapter 3, “Cultural Interaction: Myōken Bosatsu and the God Zhenwu,” I analyze how Zhenwu Daodi was transformed from the Daoist deity Xuanwu of antiquity to becoming an object of worship in Japan after syncretizing with Myōken Bosatsu.

  In Chapter 4, “Differences and Cultural Interaction between the Japanese and Chinese Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha,” I examine the profoundly different images of Ksitigarbha in China and Japan as well as how the gods are deified. I also discuss Mt. Jiuhua, which is currently the center of Ksitigarbha in modern China.

  In Section II, “Travels and Cultural Interaction of the Gods in Asia,” I discuss the process by which Sinitic gods were transmitted to regions outside of the Chinese continent and subsequently became objects of worship in various areas of Asia.

  In Chapter 1 of Section II, “Temples and Cultural Interaction in Taiwan and Singapore,” I consider the gods worshipped in the current temples of Taiwan and Singapore as a basis upon which to examine the origins of belief in the Fujian and Guangdong regions. The gods discussed in this chapter include Baosheng Dadi, Kaizhang Shenwang, and Guangze Zunwang.

  In Chapter 2 of this section, “Sinitic Gods and Cultural Interaction in Nagasaki and Okinawa,” I analyze still extant Sinitic temples such as Chinese temples in Nagasaki and the Shisei Confucian Temple in Naha, Okinawa.

  Other scholars have, of course, also researched these deities; this book could not have been written without their seminal work. The methodology of cultural interaction studies, however, is new and should provide fresh insights into the field. Take, for example, Zhaobao Qilang, covered in Chapter 1, Section I. This god was a popular object of worship from the Song through the Yuan periods in the Zhejiang region, and arrived in Japan during the Kamakura period as part of the Five Mountain culture. Belief in this deity subsequently waned in China, and now there are almost no traces of temples to this god remaining in China. Consequently, there has been no research done on Zhaobao Qilang from the perspectives of Daoism or folk religion. Rather, research has been conducted within the paradigms of Zen Buddhism, art history, or Sino-Japanese intercultural history. Scholarship on Zhaobao Qilang is also found in works on popular Chinese literature. The point here is that research has extended over many fields. I believe that in order to research a deity of this character it is necessary to analyze the subject by using the inclusive approach of cultural interaction studies.

  I personally believe that the advantage of cultural interaction studies is that it encompasses pluralistic approaches to scholarship and fieldwork. To use the example of Zhaobao Qilang again, written records are nearly non-existent; all that remains are statues in Japanese Zen Buddhist temples and some remnants in Chinese temples. There are even cases in which the monks themselves do not know the identity of this god. This phenomenon compelled me to visit the temples in question myself to verify the identity of the statues. Fortunately, there was still a statue of Zhaobao Qilang at Ayuwang Temple in Ningbo, China. It had mistakenly been identified as a statue of King Asoka. Thus, one of the most crucial methodologies involved in cultural interaction studies is to match written records with on-site investigations.

  I also felt that electronic repositories were essential to my research. As mentioned earlier, cultural interaction studies require research that cuts across various fields, but if there are many divergent fields involved, the amount of documentation naturally becomes overwhelming. It is also quite difficult to search for materials outside of one’s area of expertise. In order to address this problem, it is necessary to process large amounts of data in a short period using available electronic tools. To return again to the example of Zhaobao Qilang, I was able to ascertain through searching Kansai University’s repository, the Database of Chinese Classic Ancient Books (Zhongguo Jiben Gujiku, that there was reference to the deity in an anthology by a Song period literati. Such a discovery would have been impossible without recourse to the database. Of course, problems arise when one uses the search engine without due circumspection.

图书试读

用户评价

评分

阅读《Asian Folk Religion and Cultural Interaction》的体验,简直像是在进行一场穿越时空的文化探险。作者的文字功底深厚,叙述的条理清晰,如同引导者一般,带领读者一步步深入亚洲民间宗教的神秘领域。我特别喜欢他对于那些具体案例的细致描绘,比如关于南海地区海神信仰的演变,从最初的神灵崇拜,到后来与佛教、道教的神祇结合,形成了一个庞杂但又充满生命力的信仰体系。作者并没有止步于简单的罗列,而是深入分析了这种融合背后的社会经济动因,例如海上贸易的兴盛如何促进了神祇的跨区域传播,以及不同社会阶层对于这些神灵的诉求如何影响了信仰的形态。此外,书中关于苗族傩祭的章节也令我印象深刻。傩祭作为一种古老的驱鬼仪式,在不同的苗族分支中呈现出多样的表现形式,作者通过对比分析,揭示了即使是同一个民族内部,由于地理隔离和与外界交流的差异,民间信仰也会产生微妙的变异。他强调了这些仪式并非静止不变的传统,而是与环境、社会变迁息息相关的动态过程,这种视角让我对民间信仰有了更深刻的理解。

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《Asian Folk Religion and Cultural Interaction》给我带来的启发是多方面的,它不仅仅是一本关于宗教的书,更是一部关于文化生命力的生动写照。我尤其赞赏作者在处理“文化互动”这个核心概念时所展现的细腻与深刻。他并没有将文化间的互动简单地视为一种单向的“接受”或“征服”,而是强调了不同文化元素在接触过程中所产生的复杂化学反应——有时是并存,有时是选择性吸收,有时甚至是创造性的重塑。例如,书中关于东南亚地区“祖灵崇拜”与佛教融合的探讨,作者指出,祖灵作为连接过去与现在的纽带,在佛教传入后,其功能并未被完全取代,而是与佛教的因果报答、轮回转世等观念巧妙结合,形成了一种更为世俗化、更贴近民众生活的信仰实践。这种互动并非简单的叠加,而是深刻地影响了当地社会的伦理道德观念和家族传承的模式。我了解到,民间宗教的生命力往往体现在其强大的适应性和包容性上,它能够不断吸纳外来的影响,并将其转化为自身的一部分,从而在历史的长河中保持活力。

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《Asian Folk Religion and Cultural Interaction》是一本让我耳目一新的著作,其最大的贡献在于它打破了我过去对“宗教”概念的固有认知。我过去总以为宗教是严肃、教条,并且有明确的组织体系的。但这本书让我看到,在亚洲的许多地方,宗教的形态是如此的灵活、多元,并且与日常生活紧密地交织在一起。作者对于“文化互动”的探讨,更是将这种理解推向了更深层次。他并没有将不同文化之间的交流视为一场零和博弈,而是强调了其间存在的复杂性、协商性,甚至是一种共生关系。例如,书中关于泰国北部地区,佛教僧侣如何与当地的巫医(mor phi)合作,共同为民众提供精神慰藉和医疗服务,这种跨界合作的例子,让我看到了传统信仰体系在面对现代社会挑战时所展现出的韧性与创造力。这本书让我深刻地体会到,理解亚洲的民间宗教,就必须理解其背后所承载的社会、历史、经济乃至地理环境的因素,这些因素共同塑造了信仰的形态,也决定了信仰如何在不同文化之间流转与互动。

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这本《Asian Folk Religion and Cultural Interaction》的封面设计就颇具匠心,一种淡淡的复古气息扑面而来,深邃的紫色背景下,点缀着几抹金色的祥云,中央是风格化的山水画,隐约可见寺庙的飞檐和人群的剪影。光是这封面,就足以勾起我对于东方古老信仰与文化交融的好奇心。我一直对不同文化背景下的民间信仰有着浓厚的兴趣,尤其是在亚洲这个多元文化交汇的土地上,信仰的传播与演变常常伴随着复杂的社会互动和历史变迁。我期待这本书能够深入探讨那些根植于民众日常生活的习俗、仪式,以及它们如何在不同民族、不同地域之间产生碰撞、融合,甚至催生出新的文化现象。比如,我很好奇作者是否会提及佛教在中南半岛的传播过程中,如何与当地原有的泛灵信仰相互渗透,形成了独特的“佛教世俗化”形态;或者在古代海上丝绸之路沿线,印度教、佛教以及其他宗教元素是如何随着商贸活动传播到东南亚,并在当地生根发芽,与本土文化激荡出怎样的火花。我尤其关注的是,这些民间信仰不仅仅是抽象的教条,更是渗透在衣食住行、婚丧嫁娶等方方面面的生动实践。它们如何塑造了当地人民的价值观、世界观,又如何反映了不同社会群体之间的权力关系和身份认同,这些都是我迫切想要在这本书中找到答案的。

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在阅读《Asian Folk Religion and Cultural Interaction》的过程中,我仿佛置身于一个巨大的文化万花筒之中,每翻开一页,都能看到不同色彩、不同图案的文化碎片在巧妙地组合。这本书最大的亮点在于,它不拘泥于宏大的理论叙述,而是通过大量生动、具体的故事和案例,展现了亚洲民间宗教在实际生活中的脉络。比如,作者在描述印度尼西亚爪哇岛上,伊斯兰教与当地印度教、佛教以及原生信仰之间微妙的共存关系时,运用了大量的史料和田野调查的细节,展现了“瓦扬”(wayang)皮影戏如何承载着宗教故事和伦理教诲,以及在不同社群中扮演的不同角色。我印象最深刻的是,作者并非简单地描绘这些信仰的“表面现象”,而是试图去理解它们背后所蕴含的民众的心理需求、社会结构以及历史的演进。这种深入浅出的叙述方式,使得原本可能显得枯燥的历史和文化研究,变得引人入胜。我开始意识到,民间宗教并非是“落后”或“迷信”的代名词,而是承载着一个民族的集体记忆、情感寄托和精神追求的重要载体。

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