心理学家也是挣扎过来的,每个理论都是心理学者生命淬鍊过的精华
佛洛依德(Sigmund Freud, 1856-1939)
中年常感恐惧,不敢出远门。自我分析四年,完成罗马之旅。「坦诚面对自己是很好的练习。」
“Being entirely honest with oneself is a good exercise.”
荣格(Carl Jung, 1875-1961)
与佛络依德分手名声没落,数年再次掘起。
「我的人生就是我的作为和我科学创作的成品;两者无法分离,都是我内在发展的显现。」
“My life is what I have done, my scientific work; the one is inseparable from the other.
The work is the expression of inner development.”
阿德勒(Alfred Adler, 1870-1937)
走出自卑童年,不受制于过去,当未来的创造者。
「每个人是一幅画,也是画那幅画的艺术家。」
“The individual is thus both the picture and the artist.”
伯尼(Eric Berne, 1910-1970)
幼年失去父亲、又被心理分析学派拒绝。脱离古典分析学派,发展出沟通分析的论点。
「我们都有兴趣了解过去对人的影响。有人用它来定位自己;有人将它纳入未来计画的一环。」
“We shared a common interest in how the past effects people—some let it decide who they are,while others make it part of what they will do.”
沃尔皮(Joseph Wolpe, 1915-1997)和拿撒勒(Arnold Allan Lazarus, 1932-2013)
两人师生关系决裂分道扬镳,各自发展出一片天。
「心理谘商是教育多于复原;成长多于治疗。」
“We firmly believe that therapy is education rather than healing; that it is growth rather than treatment.”-- Lazarus
艾里斯(Albert Ellis, 1913-2007)
自幼体弱胆小,靠自我语言度过关卡。「要与别人和谐相处,是要先能与自己和平共处。」
“If people were to be most effective at living harmoniously with others, they’d better first learn how to live peacefully with themselves.”
贝克(Aaron T. Beck, b. 1921)
从小就有焦虑与恐惧症,常以认知方法克服。接受心理分析训练,研究忧郁时找不到科学验证,
探讨后发现认知是忧郁的主因。「停!请给自己一次机会。」
“Stop it, and give yourself a chance.”
林涵(Marsha M. Linehan, b. 1943)
从疗养院病情最重的病患变为心理谘商师,实践当年受苦中的承诺:
「如果我有机会出去,一定要想办法再进来把大家救出去。」
“When I get out, I’m going to come back and get others out of here.”
葛拉瑟(William Glasser, 1925-2013)
治疗理念不同,医院拒绝转介病人给他。为了生存选择到70哩外专收问题青少女的学校服务。
爱的教育,有归属感、能掌控、自由、快乐的工作环境,孕育出他的理论。
「我们所有的行为在做决定的当下,都是基于满足上述一项或多项需求的考量下,所做出最好的选择。」
“All our behavior is always our best choice, at the time we make the choice, to satisfy one or more of these needs.”
法兰克(Viktor Frankl, 1905-1997)
带着意义谘商的理念在集中营度过三年囚犯的日子后仍坚信:
「人生所有的经历都是相当可贵的,它无法被删改,也没有人可以从你身上拿走。」
“What you have experienced, no power on earth can take from you.”
罗吉斯(Carl Rogers, 1902-1987)
发展理论时遇到瓶颈,发现「人无法改变或远离自己,能完全接受自己时,改变自然就发生了。」
“We cannot change, we cannot move away from what we are, until we thoroughly accept what we are. Then change seems to come about almost unnoticed.”
皮尔斯(Fritz Perls, 1893-1970)
人生乖舛与多样,「环境变化无穷,不同情境的刺激会激发出不同的自己,所以自我是多样的。」
“Thus the self is various. It manifests differently in different situation, according to the… environmental stimuli. It is always changing.”
深入认识心理学家的人生,才能了解他们的理论所要传达的意念